{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T21:12:30Z","timestamp":1770844350669,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>cDC1 is a subset of conventional DCs, whose most recognized function is cross-presentation to CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. We conducted this study to investigate the number and location of cDC1s in various human kidney diseases as well as their correlation with clinico-pathological features and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed 135 kidney biopsies samples. Kidney diseases included: acute tubular necrosis (ATN), acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) (IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, pauci-immune GN, anti-GBM disease), non-proliferative GN (minimal change disease, membranous nephropathy) and diabetic nephropathy. Indirect immunofluorescence staining was used to quantify cDC1s, CD1c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> DCs, and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>cDC1s were rarely present in normal kidneys. Their number increased significantly in ATN and proliferative GN, proportionally much more than CD1c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> DCs. cDC1s were mainly found in the interstitium, except in lupus nephritis, pauci-immune GN and anti-GBM disease, where they were prominent in glomeruli and peri-glomerular regions. The number of cDC1s correlated with disease severity in ATN, number of crescents in pauci-immune GN, interstitial fibrosis in IgA nephropathy and lupus nephritis, as well as prognosis in IgA nephropathy. The number of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells also increased significantly in these conditions and cDC1 number correlated with CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell number in lupus nephritis and pauci-immune GN, with many of them closely co-localized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>cDC1 number correlated with various clinic-pathological features and prognosis reflecting a possible role in these conditions. Their association with CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells suggests a combined mechanism in keeping with the results in animal models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.635212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T07:07:50Z","timestamp":1620803270000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells (cDC1) in Human Kidney Diseases: Clinico-Pathological Correlations"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Titi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farhana","family":"Azmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffery","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent W.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chow Heok","family":"P\u2019ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen I.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha M.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David C. 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