{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T21:02:45Z","timestamp":1782421365462,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":476,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The incidence and prevalence rate of chronic inflammatory disorders is on the rise in the pediatric population. Recent research indicates the crucial role of interactions between the altered intestinal microbiome and the immune system in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory disorders in children, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease (CeD). Here, we review recent knowledge concerning the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these disorders, and summarize the facts suggesting that the initiation and progression of IBD, T1DM, and CeD can be partially attributed to disturbances in the patterns of composition and abundance of the gut microbiota. The standard available therapies for chronic inflammatory disorders in children largely aim to treat symptoms. Although constant efforts are being made to maximize the quality of life for children in the long-term, sustained improvements are still difficult to achieve. Additional challenges are the changing physiology associated with growth and development of children, a population that is particularly susceptible to medication-related adverse effects. In this review, we explore new promising therapeutic approaches aimed at modulation of either gut microbiota or the activity of the immune system to induce a long-lasting remission of chronic inflammatory disorders. Recent preclinical studies and clinical trials have evaluated new approaches, for instance the adoptive transfer of immune cells, with genetically engineered regulatory T cells expressing antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptors. These approaches have revolutionized cancer treatments and have the potential for the protection of high-risk children from developing autoimmune diseases and effective management of inflammatory disorders. The review also focuses on the findings of studies that indicate that the responses to a variety of immunotherapies can be enhanced by strategic manipulation of gut microbiota, thus emphasizing on the importance of proper interaction between the gut microbiota and immune system for sustained health benefits and improvement of the quality of life of pediatric patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.642166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T10:04:19Z","timestamp":1623060259000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Intestinal Microbiota in Common Chronic Inflammatory Disorders Affecting Children"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Torun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Hupalowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Trzonkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaroslaw","family":"Kierkus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Pyrzynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0391-5","article-title":"Constitutive Immune Mechanisms: Mediators of Host Defence and Immune Regulation","volume":"21","author":"Paludan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0128-9","article-title":"Thymic Tolerance as a Key Brake on Autoimmunity","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3790","article-title":"A Guiding Map for Inflammation","volume":"18","author":"Netea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23208","article-title":"Inflammatory Responses and Inflammation-Associated Diseases in Organs","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B5","article-title":"Acute Inflammatory Response","volume-title":"Treasure Island","author":"Hannoodee","year":"2021"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0675-0","article-title":"Chronic Inflammation in the Etiology of Disease Across the Life Span","volume":"25","author":"Furman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0172-4","article-title":"Macrophages in Intestinal Inflammation and Resolution: A Potential Therapeutic Target in IBD","volume":"16","author":"Na","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0210-z","article-title":"Dendritic Cells in Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy","volume":"20","author":"Wculek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00360","article-title":"Cross-Talk Between Antigen Presenting Cells and T Cells Impacts Intestinal Homeostasis, Bacterial Infections, and Tumorigenesis","volume":"10","author":"Gaudino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.10","article-title":"Neutrophils as Protagonists and Targets in Chronic Inflammation","volume":"17","author":"Soehnlein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0141-8","article-title":"Heterogeneity of Neutrophils","volume":"19","author":"Ng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-018-0637-x","article-title":"Immune Cell Subset Differentiation and Tissue Inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1159\/000445133","article-title":"The Role of T-Cell Subsets in Chronic Inflammation in Celiac Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: More Common Mechanisms or More Differences","volume":"1","author":"Hisamatsu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflammation Intest Dis"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7403796","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7403796","article-title":"Regulation of Inflammation in Autoimmune Disease","volume":"2019","author":"Duan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.1.80-94.2006","article-title":"Molecular Mimicry, Bystander Activation, or Viral Persistence: Infections and Autoimmune Disease","volume":"19","author":"Fujinami","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.10.012","article-title":"Molecular Mimicry and Autoimmunity","volume":"95","author":"Rojas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxp095","article-title":"Regulatory T Cells: How do They Suppress Immune Responses","volume":"21","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI78089","article-title":"T Cells in the Control of Organ-Specific Autoimmunity","volume":"125","author":"Bluestone","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00043","article-title":"Past, Present, and Future of Regulatory T Cell Therapy in Transplantation and Autoimmunity","volume":"10","author":"Romano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08821","article-title":"A Human Gut Microbial Gene Catalogue Established by Metagenomic Sequencing","volume":"464","author":"Qin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2974","article-title":"The Gut Microbiota\u2013Masters of Host Development and Physiology","volume":"11","author":"Sommer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B22","article-title":"The Role of Diet on Gut Microbiota Composition","volume":"20","author":"Bibbo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00007-19","article-title":"Gut Microbiota and Colonization Resistance Against Bacterial Enteric Infection","volume":"83","author":"Ducarmon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.169","article-title":"The Intestinal Epithelial Barrier: A Therapeutic Target","volume":"14","author":"Odenwald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2016.12.001","article-title":"Host-Microbiota Interactions: Epigenomic Regulation","volume":"44","author":"Woo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09646","article-title":"Bifidobacteria Can Protect From Enteropathogenic Infection Through Production of Acetate","volume":"469","author":"Fukuda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-016-1242-9","article-title":"Microbiota Metabolite Short Chain Fatty Acids, GPCR, and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"52","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4517","article-title":"Current Understanding of the Human Microbiome","volume":"24","author":"Gilbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1121-421X.17.02405-9","article-title":"The Gut Microbiota: Its Anatomy and Physiology Over a Lifetime","volume":"63","author":"Gibiino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7010014","article-title":"What Is the Healthy Gut Microbiota Composition? A Changing Ecosystem Across Age, Environment, Diet, and Diseases","volume":"7","author":"Rinninella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02755","article-title":"Microbial Biomarkers of Intestinal Barrier Maturation in Preterm Infants","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2006.10.001","article-title":"Intestinal IgA Synthesis: A Primitive Form of Adaptive Immunity That Regulates Microbial Communities in the Gut","volume":"19","author":"Suzuki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2006.02458.x","article-title":"Effects of Microflora on the Neonatal Development of Gut Mucosal T Cells and Myeloid Cells in the Mouse","volume":"119","author":"Williams","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0240-3","article-title":"Evolution of Gut Microbiota Composition From Birth to 24 Weeks in the INFANTMET Cohort","volume":"5","author":"Hill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26050","DOI":"10.3402\/mehd.v26.26050","article-title":"The Composition of the Gut Microbiota Throughout Life, With an Emphasis on Early Life","volume":"26","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microb Ecol Health Dis"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11053","article-title":"Human Gut Microbiome Viewed Across Age and Geography","volume":"486","author":"Yatsunenko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.09.053","article-title":"Human Genetics Shape the Gut Microbiome","volume":"159","author":"Goodrich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.158","article-title":"Butyrate-Producing Clostridium Cluster XIVa Species Specifically Colonize Mucins in an In Vitro Gut Model","volume":"7","author":"Van den Abbeele","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i29.8787","article-title":"Role of the Normal Gut Microbiota","volume":"21","author":"Jandhyala","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-123","article-title":"The Firmicutes\/Bacteroidetes Ratio of the Human Microbiota Changes With Age","volume":"9","author":"Mariat","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7010017","article-title":"The Impact of Diet and Lifestyle on Gut Microbiota and Human Health","volume":"7","author":"Conlon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57734-z","article-title":"Diversity, Compositional and Functional Differences Between Gut Microbiota of Children and Adults","volume":"10","author":"Radjabzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071613","article-title":"Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications for Diet and Disease","volume":"11","author":"Hills","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B44","first-page":"1","article-title":"Insight Into the Mechanisms Regulating Immune Homeostasis in Health and Disease","volume":"29","author":"Sirisinha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2007.09.013","article-title":"IgA Response to Symbiotic Bacteria as a Mediator of Gut Homeostasis","volume":"2","author":"Peterson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.04.055","article-title":"Maternal IgG and IgA Antibodies Dampen Mucosal T Helper Cell Responses in Early Life","volume":"165","author":"Koch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxl142","article-title":"Secretory Antibodies Reduce Systemic Antibody Responses Against the Gastrointestinal Commensal Flora","volume":"19","author":"Sait","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3322","article-title":"New Concepts in the Generation and Functions of Iga","volume":"12","author":"Pabst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00805","article-title":"Igg and Fcgamma Receptors in Intestinal Immunity and Inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Castro-Dopico","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad9378","article-title":"How Colonization by Microbiota in Early Life Shapes the Immune System","volume":"352","author":"Gensollen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00788","article-title":"Patterns of Early-Life Gut Microbial Colonization During Human Immune Development: An Ecological Perspective","volume":"8","author":"Laforest-Lapointe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-020-0257-y","article-title":"Imprinting of the Immune System by the Microbiota Early in Life","volume":"13","author":"Al Nabhani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.77","article-title":"The Theory of Disappearing Microbiota and the Epidemics of Chronic Diseases","volume":"17","author":"Blaser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.01.001","article-title":"The Dynamics of the Human Infant Gut Microbiome in Development and in Progression Toward Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Kostic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.04.007","article-title":"Variation in Microbiome Lps Immunogenicity Contributes to Autoimmunity in Humans","volume":"165","author":"Vatanen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26191","DOI":"10.3402\/mehd.v26.26191","article-title":"Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota in Disease","volume":"26","author":"Carding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microb Ecol Health Dis"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.02.005","article-title":"The Treatment-Naive Microbiome in New-Onset Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"15","author":"Gevers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.04.037","article-title":"Gut Immune Maturation Depends on Colonization With a Host-Specific Microbiota","volume":"149","author":"Chung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198469","article-title":"Induction of Colonic Regulatory T Cells by Indigenous Clostridium Species","volume":"331","author":"Atarashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2011.01.010","article-title":"Microbiotal Influence on T Cell Subset Development","volume":"23","author":"Atarashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa9420","article-title":"Mucosal Immunology. Individual Intestinal Symbionts Induce a Distinct Population of RORgamma(+) Regulatory T Cells","volume":"349","author":"Sefik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188454","article-title":"Reversible Microbial Colonization of Germ-Free Mice Reveals the Dynamics of IgA Immune Responses","volume":"328","author":"Hapfelmeier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.02.014","article-title":"A Weaning Reaction to Microbiota is Required for Resistance to Immunopathologies in the Adult","volume":"50","author":"Al Nabhani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219328","article-title":"Microbial Exposure During Early Life has Persistent Effects on Natural Killer T Cell Function","volume":"336","author":"Olszak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.11.042","article-title":"Sphingolipids From a Symbiotic Microbe Regulate Homeostasis of Host Intestinal Natural Killer T Cells","volume":"156","author":"An","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1159\/000354907","article-title":"Initial Intestinal Colonization in the Human Infant and Immune Homeostasis","volume":"63","author":"Walker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0617-x","article-title":"Temporal Development of the Gut Microbiome in Early Childhood From the TEDDY Study","volume":"562","author":"Stewart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.121189","article-title":"Gut Microbiota of Healthy Canadian Infants: Profiles by Mode of Delivery and Infant Diet at 4 Months","volume":"185","author":"Azad","year":"2013","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303249","article-title":"Decreased Gut Microbiota Diversity, Delayed Bacteroidetes Colonisation and Reduced Th1 Responses in Infants Delivered by Caesarean Section","volume":"63","author":"Jakobsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002601107","article-title":"Delivery Mode Shapes the Acquisition and Structure of the Initial Microbiota Across Multiple Body Habitats in Newborns","volume":"107","author":"Dominguez-Bello","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-012-9268-5","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microflora of Healthy Full-Term Indian Infants Born With Different Methods of Delivery (Vaginal vs Cesarean): Acinetobacter Sp. Prevalence in Vaginally Born Infants","volume":"37","author":"Pandey","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biosci"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02419-14","article-title":"Dynamics of Infant Gut Microbiota are Influenced by Delivery Mode and Gestational Duration and Are Associated With Subsequent Adiposity","volume":"6","author":"Dogra","year":"2015","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2824","article-title":"Factors Influencing the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota in Early Infancy","volume":"118","author":"Penders","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.4081\/pmc.2017.155","article-title":"Human Milk: Composition and Health Benefits","volume":"39","author":"Mosca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Med Chir"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.04.010","article-title":"Comparison of the Levels of the Growth Factors in Umbilical Cord Serum and Human Milk and Its Clinical Significance","volume":"59","author":"Patki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00415","article-title":"Breast Milk and Solid Food Shaping Intestinal Immunity","volume":"6","author":"Parigi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00197","article-title":"The Prebiotic and Probiotic Properties of Human Milk: Implications for Infant Immune Development and Pediatric Asthma","volume":"6","author":"Moossavi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/19490976.2014.969984","article-title":"Lessons From Mother: Long-Term Impact of Antibodies in Breast Milk on the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Immune System of Breastfed Offspring","volume":"5","author":"Rogier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2016.0185","article-title":"Human Milk Oligosaccharide Categories Define the Microbiota Composition in Human Colostrum","volume":"8","author":"Aakko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Benef Microbes"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000200805.45593.17","article-title":"Human Milk Oligosaccharides Inhibit the Adhesion to Caco-2 Cells of Diarrheal Pathogens: Escherichia Coli, Vibrio Cholerae, and Salmonella Fyris","volume":"59","author":"Coppa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1206","article-title":"Preterm Milk Oligosaccharides During the First Month of Lactation","volume":"128","author":"Gabrielli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.5409\/wjcp.v8.i2.23","article-title":"Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Premature Infants - An Updated Review","volume":"8","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628317","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/628317","article-title":"What Really Causes Necrotising Enterocolitis","volume":"2012","author":"Fox","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3256","article-title":"Prolonged and Exclusive Breastfeeding Reduces the Risk of Infectious Diseases in Infancy","volume":"126","author":"Duijts","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad9358","article-title":"Antibiotic Use and its Consequences for the Normal Microbiome","volume":"352","author":"Blaser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-091313-103456","article-title":"Effects of Antibiotics on Human Microbiota and Subsequent Disease","volume":"68","author":"Keeney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e280","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060280","article-title":"The Pervasive Effects of an Antibiotic on the Human Gut Microbiota, as Revealed by Deep 16S rRNA Sequencing","volume":"6","author":"Dethlefsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"PloS Biol"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2007.3","article-title":"Long-Term Ecological Impacts of Antibiotic Administration on the Human Intestinal Microbiota","volume":"1","author":"Jernberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9836","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009836","article-title":"Short-Term Antibiotic Treatment has Differing Long-Term Impacts on the Human Throat and Gut Microbiome","volume":"5","author":"Jakobsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32448-0","article-title":"Worldwide Incidence and Prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the 21st Century: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies","volume":"390","author":"Ng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a007799","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a007799","article-title":"The Hygiene Hypothesis: An Explanation for the Increased Frequency of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes","volume":"2","author":"Bach","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S117264","article-title":"Targeting Innate Immunity to Downmodulate Adaptive Immunity and Reverse Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Itoh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunotargets Ther"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.20204.1","article-title":"Recent Advances in Modulating the Microbiome","volume":"9","author":"Quigley","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2017.12.005","article-title":"Time for Food: The Impact of Diet on Gut Microbiota and Human Health","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820","article-title":"Diet Rapidly and Reproducibly Alters the Human Gut Microbiome","volume":"505","author":"David","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.75","article-title":"Expert Consensus Document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) Consensus Statement on the Definition and Scope of Prebiotics","volume":"14","author":"Gibson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.2.406s","article-title":"Prebiotics: Preferential Substrates for Specific Germs","volume":"73","author":"Roberfroid","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izx029","article-title":"A Cross-Talk Between Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids and the Host Mucosal Immune System Regulates Intestinal Homeostasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"24","author":"Goncalves","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflammation Bowel Dis"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2010.117","article-title":"Probiotics and the Gut Microbiota in Intestinal Health and Disease","volume":"7","author":"Gareau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00243.2009","article-title":"Probiotic Bacteria and Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function","volume":"298","author":"Ohland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e318227414a","article-title":"Impact of Probiotics on Colonizing Microbiota of the Gut","volume":"45","author":"Sanders","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0567-4","article-title":"Probiotic Supplementation Restores Normal Microbiota Composition and Function in Antibiotic-Treated and in Caesarean-Born Infants","volume":"6","author":"Korpela","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.11.019","article-title":"Probiotics Prevent IgE-Associated Allergy Until Age 5 Years in Cesarean-Delivered Children But Not in the Total Cohort","volume":"123","author":"Kuitunen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-01298-1","article-title":"Perspectives From the Society for Pediatric Research: Probiotic Use in Urinary Tract Infections, Atopic Dermatitis, and Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea: An Overview","author":"Forster","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13321","article-title":"Perinatal Probiotic Intervention Prevented Allergic Disease in a Caesarean-Delivered Subgroup at 13-Year Follow-Up","volume":"49","author":"Kallio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13397","article-title":"Immunological Mechanisms Underpinning Faecal Microbiota Transplantation for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"199","author":"Quraishi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14201","article-title":"Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis: The Efficacy of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation for the Treatment of Recurrent and Refractory Clostridium Difficile Infection","volume":"46","author":"Quraishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.019","article-title":"Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Is Superior to Fidaxomicin for Treatment of Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection","volume":"156","author":"Hvas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13969","article-title":"Randomised Clinical Trial: Faecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridum Difficile Infection - Fresh, or Frozen, or Lyophilised Microbiota From a Small Pool of Healthy Donors Delivered by Colonoscopy","volume":"45","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030548","article-title":"Ten-Year Follow-Up of Patients Treated With Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides Difficile Infection From a Randomized Controlled Trial and Review of the Literature","volume":"9","author":"Ooijevaar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000545","article-title":"Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Via Nasogastric Tube for Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection in Pediatric Patients","volume":"60","author":"Kronman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI94549","article-title":"Autoreactive T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"127","author":"Pugliese","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.99","article-title":"Adult-Onset Autoimmune Diabetes: Current Knowledge and Implications for Management","volume":"13","author":"Buzzetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2523-3","article-title":"Early Seroconversion and Rapidly Increasing Autoantibody Concentrations Predict Prepubertal Manifestation of Type 1 Diabetes in Children at Genetic Risk","volume":"55","author":"Parikka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60765-5","article-title":"Time Trends in the Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Finnish Children: A Cohort Study","volume":"371","author":"Harjutsalo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2018.01.006","article-title":"Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"50","author":"Robertson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Genet Dev"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.2","article-title":"Immune Modulation in Humans: Implications for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Roep","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-11-200406010-00009","article-title":"Brief Communication: Early Appearance of Islet Autoantibodies Predicts Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in Offspring of Diabetic Parents","volume":"140","author":"Hummel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0076","article-title":"Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes: What\u2019s Next","volume":"59","author":"Pociot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-016-0738-2","article-title":"Islet Autoantibodies","volume":"16","author":"Lampasona","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rep"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.012","article-title":"Risk of Beta-Cell Autoimmunity Presence for Progression to Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"86","author":"Ling","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.6285","article-title":"Seroconversion to Multiple Islet Autoantibodies and Risk of Progression to Diabetes in Children","volume":"309","author":"Ziegler","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db05-1296","article-title":"Differential Transmission of Type 1 Diabetes From Diabetic Fathers and Mothers to Their Offspring","volume":"55","author":"Harjutsalo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-S002","article-title":"Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018","volume":"41","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2795","article-title":"Trends in the Prevalence of Ketoacidosis at Diabetes Diagnosis: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study","volume":"133","author":"Dabelea","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0099","article-title":"Glycemic Variability and Diabetes Complications: Does it Matter? Simply Put, There Are Better Glycemic Markers","volume":"38","author":"Bergenstal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3604","article-title":"Association Between Hba1c Variability and Risk of Microvascular Complications in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"101","author":"Virk","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12112","article-title":"Puberty as an Accelerator for Diabetes Complications","volume":"15","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4763-3","article-title":"Trends and Cyclical Variation in the Incidence of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in 26 European Centres in the 25 Year Period 1989-2013: A Multicentre Prospective Registration Study","volume":"62","author":"Patterson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.suppl_2.S25","article-title":"Natural History of Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"54","author":"Achenbach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2016.1222449","article-title":"Is There a Role for Gut Microbiota in Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis","volume":"49","author":"Bibbo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9631435","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9631435","article-title":"Role of the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome in the Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"2017","author":"Sohail","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12915","article-title":"Current Understanding of the Role of Gut Dysbiosis in Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Abdellatif","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00125","article-title":"Evaluating the Causal Role of Gut Microbiota in Type 1 Diabetes and Its Possible Pathogenic Mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00078","article-title":"The Role of Gut Microbiota and Environmental Factors in Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Dedrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000412","article-title":"The Intestinal Proteome of Diabetic and Control Children Is Enriched With Different Microbial and Host Proteins","volume":"163","author":"Pinto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-0526","article-title":"Fecal Microbiota Composition Differs Between Children With Beta-Cell Autoimmunity and Those Without","volume":"62","author":"de Goffau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3274-0","article-title":"Aberrant Gut Microbiota Composition at the Onset of Type 1 Diabetes in Young Children","volume":"57","author":"de Goffau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1676","article-title":"Compromised Gut Microbiota Networks in Children With Anti-Islet Cell Autoimmunity","volume":"63","author":"Endesfelder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-1847","article-title":"Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota Correlate With Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"64","author":"Alkanani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25792","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025792","article-title":"Gut Microbiome Metagenomics Analysis Suggests a Functional Model for the Development of Autoimmunity for Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Brown","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12243","article-title":"Differences in the Gut Microbiota of Healthy Children and Those With Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"56","author":"Soyucen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00678","article-title":"Bacteroides Dorei Dominates Gut Microbiome Prior to Autoimmunity in Finnish Children at High Risk for Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"5","author":"Davis-Richardson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2010.92","article-title":"Toward Defining the Autoimmune Microbiome for Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"5","author":"Giongo","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa407","article-title":"Gut Microbiota in T1DM-Onset Pediatric Patients: Machine-Learning Algorithms to Classify Microorganisms as Disease Linked","volume":"105","author":"Biassoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0620-2","article-title":"The Human Gut Microbiome in Early-Onset Type 1 Diabetes From the TEDDY Study","volume":"562","author":"Vatanen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3614-8","article-title":"A Model for the Role of Gut Bacteria in the Development of Autoimmunity for Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"58","author":"Davis-Richardson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12693","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12693","article-title":"Reduction of Butyrate- and Methane-Producing Microorganisms in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Pozuelo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0188475","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188475","article-title":"Distinct Fecal and Oral Microbiota Composition in Human Type 1 Diabetes, An Observational Study","volume":"12","author":"de Groot","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0729","article-title":"Cesarean Section and Interferon-Induced Helicase Gene Polymorphisms Combine to Increase Childhood Type 1 Diabetes Risk","volume":"60","author":"Bonifacio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv059","article-title":"Perinatal and Childhood Risk Factors for Early-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Taiwan","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000488","article-title":"Prelabor Cesarean Section and Risk of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study","volume":"27","author":"Clausen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S229056","article-title":"Caesarean Delivery and Risk of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases (Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Coeliac Disease, and Diabetes Mellitus): A Population Based Registry Study of 2,699,479 Births in Denmark During 1973-2016","volume":"12","author":"Andersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.16176","article-title":"Planned Cesarean Delivery at Term and Adverse Outcomes in Childhood Health","volume":"314","author":"Black","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0148343","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148343","article-title":"The Increasing Trend in Caesarean Section Rates: Global, Regional and National Estimates: 1990-2014","volume":"11","author":"Betran","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000081301.25600.5D","article-title":"No Association Between Preeclampsia or Cesarean Section and Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Among Children: A Large, Population-Based Cohort Study","volume":"54","author":"Stene","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2007.02147.x","article-title":"Perinatal Factors Associated With Subsequent Diabetes Mellitus in the Child: Record Linkage Study","volume":"24","author":"Ievins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Med"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.791","article-title":"Early Infant Feeding and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus-a Nationwide Population-Based Case-Control Study in Pre-School Children","volume":"24","author":"Rosenbauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0016","article-title":"Infant Feeding and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes in Two Large Scandinavian Birth Cohorts","volume":"40","author":"Lund-Blix","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0438","article-title":"Breast-Feeding and Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis of Individual Participant Data From 43 Observational Studies","volume":"35","author":"Cardwell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3829","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22052-y","article-title":"Human Milk Oligosaccharides Protect Against the Development of Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD-Mice","volume":"8","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2672-0","article-title":"Bifidobacteria and the Infant Gut: An Example of Co-Evolution and Natural Selection","volume":"75","author":"Turroni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiaa049","article-title":"Investigating Bifidobacteria and Human Milk Oligosaccharide Composition of Lactating Mothers","volume":"96","author":"Lugli","year":"2020","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-016-0867-4","article-title":"Fucosyllactose and L-fucose Utilization of Infant Bifidobacterium Longum and Bifidobacterium Kashiwanohense","volume":"16","author":"Bunesova","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12756","article-title":"Prospects for Primary Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes by Restoring a Disappearing Microbe","volume":"19","author":"Insel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-1163","article-title":"The Effect of Past Antibiotic Exposure on Diabetes Risk","volume":"172","author":"Boursi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0161654","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161654","article-title":"Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Treatment and Subsequent Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Nationwide Danish Cohort Study","volume":"11","author":"Clausen","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-03987-3","article-title":"Perinatal Risk Factors for Pediatric Onset Type 1 Diabetes, Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","author":"Raisanen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy092","article-title":"Antibiotics, Acetaminophen and Infections During Prenatal and Early Life in Relation to Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"47","author":"Tapia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.2905","article-title":"Association Between Early-Life Antibiotic Use and the Risk of Islet or Celiac Disease Autoimmunity","volume":"171","author":"Kemppainen","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2014.09.009","article-title":"Standard of Hygiene and Immune Adaptation in Newborn Infants","volume":"155","author":"Kallionpaa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S013","article-title":"Children and Adolescents: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021","volume":"44","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S009","article-title":"Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021","volume":"44","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0078","article-title":"Current State of Type 1 Diabetes Treatment in the U.S.: Updated Data From the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry","volume":"38","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S006","article-title":"Glycemic Targets: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021","volume":"44","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.05.046","article-title":"Obesity in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes in Germany, Austria, and the United States","volume":"167","author":"DuBose","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12676","article-title":"Glycaemic Control of Type 1 Diabetes in Clinical Practice Early in the 21st Century: An International Comparison","volume":"32","author":"McKnight","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Med"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315ra189","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad4134","article-title":"Type 1 Diabetes Immunotherapy Using Polyclonal Regulatory T Cells","volume":"7","author":"Bluestone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0038","article-title":"Administration of CD4+CD25highCD127- Regulatory T Cells Preserves Beta-Cell Function in Type 1 Diabetes in Children","volume":"35","author":"Marek-Trzonkowska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2014.03.016","article-title":"Therapy of Type 1 Diabetes With CD4(+)CD25(High)CD127-Regulatory T Cells Prolongs Survival of Pancreatic Islets - Results of One Year Follow-Up","volume":"153","author":"Marek-Trzonkowska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.05.001","article-title":"Anti-CD3 Clinical Trials in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"149","author":"Daifotis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2005.01705.x","article-title":"Immunomodulation in Type 1 Diabetes by NBI-6024, An Altered Peptide Ligand of the Insulin B Epitope","volume":"63","author":"Alleva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03814.x","article-title":"Proinsulin Peptide Immunotherapy in Type 1 Diabetes: Report of a First-in-Man Phase I Safety Study","volume":"155","author":"Thrower","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaaf7779","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf7779","article-title":"Metabolic and Immune Effects of Immunotherapy With Proinsulin Peptide in Human New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Alhadj Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052763","article-title":"Dysbiosis in the Development of Type I Diabetes and Associated Complications: From Mechanisms to Targeted Gut Microbes Manipulation Therapies","volume":"22","author":"Gradisteanu Pircalabioru","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.2757","article-title":"Association of Early Exposure of Probiotics and Islet Autoimmunity in the TEDDY Study","volume":"170","author":"Uusitalo","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e017178","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017178","article-title":"Effects of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium Lactis Bb12 on Beta-Cell Function in Children With Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes: Protocol of a Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"7","author":"Groele","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517003440","article-title":"Habitual Dietary Fibre Intake Influences Gut Microbiota Response to an Inulin-Type Fructan Prebiotic: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over, Human Intervention Study","volume":"119","author":"Healey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3713","article-title":"Gut Microbial Metabolites Limit the Frequency of Autoimmune T Cells and Protect Against Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"18","author":"Marino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.06.023","article-title":"Role of Regulatory T Cells and FOXP3 in Human Diseases","volume":"120","author":"Bacchetta","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041033","article-title":"Continuous Control of Autoimmune Disease by Antigen-Dependent Polyclonal CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in the Regional Lymph Node","volume":"202","author":"Samy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2343","article-title":"How Regulatory T Cells Work","volume":"8","author":"Vignali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0217728","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217728","article-title":"Thymically-Derived Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells are the Primary Regulators of Type 1 Diabetes in the non-Obese Diabetic Mouse Model","volume":"14","author":"Holohan","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0671","article-title":"Following the Fate of One Insulin-Reactive CD4 T Cell: Conversion Into Teffs and Tregs in the Periphery Controls Diabetes in NOD Mice","volume":"61","author":"Fousteri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040139","article-title":"In Vitro-Expanded Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells Suppress Autoimmune Diabetes","volume":"199","author":"Tang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402446","article-title":"The Presence and Preferential Activation of Regulatory T Cells Diminish Adoptive Transfer of Autoimmune Diabetes by Polyclonal Nonobese Diabetic (Nod) T Cell Effectors Into NSG Versus NOD-scid Mice","volume":"195","author":"Presa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-016-1090-7","article-title":"Factors Affecting Long-Term Efficacy of T Regulatory Cell-Based Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Marek-Trzonkowska","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-07-293795","article-title":"Infusion of Ex Vivo Expanded T Regulatory Cells in Adults Transplanted With Umbilical Cord Blood: Safety Profile and Detection Kinetics","volume":"117","author":"Brunstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mt.6300341","article-title":"Generation of Potent and Stable Human CD4+ T Regulatory Cells by Activation-Independent Expression of FOXP3","volume":"16","author":"Allan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1079490","article-title":"Control of Regulatory T Cell Development by the Transcription Factor Foxp3","volume":"299","author":"Hori","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaay6422","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay6422","article-title":"Gene Editing to Induce FOXP3 Expression in Human CD4(+) T Cells Leads to a Stable Regulatory Phenotype and Function","volume":"12","author":"Honaker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2009.03933.x","article-title":"Human Peripheral Blood Leucocyte Non-Obese Diabetic-Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Interleukin-2 Receptor Gamma Chain Gene Mouse Model of Xenogeneic Graft-Versus-Host-Like Disease and the Role of Host Major Histocompatibility Complex","volume":"157","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11726","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011726","article-title":"Human Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells Generated by T Cell Receptor Gene Transfer","volume":"5","author":"Brusko","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI82771","article-title":"Alloantigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells Generated With a Chimeric Antigen Receptor","volume":"126","author":"MacDonald","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061631","article-title":"Dendritic Cell-Expanded, Islet-Specific CD4+ Cd25+ CD62L+ Regulatory T Cells Restore Normoglycemia in Diabetic NOD Mice","volume":"204","author":"Tarbell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-38341-5","article-title":"eIF5A Inhibition Influences T Cell Dynamics in the Pancreatic Microenvironment of the Humanized Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Imam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-09-3737","article-title":"Redirected Primary T Cells Harboring a Chimeric Receptor Require Costimulation for Their Antigen-Specific Activation","volume":"105","author":"Friedmann-Morvinski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000873","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2019-000873","article-title":"Proinsulin-Specific T Regulatory Cells may Control Immune Responses in Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Adoptive Therapy","volume":"8","author":"Gliwinski","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198605223142106","article-title":"Type I Diabetes Mellitus. A Chronic Autoimmune Disease","volume":"314","author":"Eisenbarth","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.07.022","article-title":"On the Etiology of Type 1 Diabetes: A New Animal Model Signifying a Decisive Role for Bacteria Eliciting an Adverse Innate Immunity Response","volume":"181","author":"Korsgren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000323","article-title":"Narrowing in on the Anti- \u03b2 Cell-Specific T Cells: Looking \u2018Where the Action Is\u2019","volume":"24","author":"Kent SC","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012350","article-title":"Effects of Insulin in Relatives of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"346","author":"Skyler","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1902226","article-title":"An Anti-CD3 Antibody, Teplizumab, in Relatives at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"381","author":"Herold","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0930-4","article-title":"A Combined Risk Score Enhances Prediction of Type 1 Diabetes Among Susceptible Children","volume":"26","author":"Ferrat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2020.07.001","article-title":"Antigen-Reactive Regulatory T Cells Can be Expanded In Vitro With Monocytes and Anti-CD28 and Anti-CD154 Antibodies","volume":"22","author":"Iwaszkiewicz-Grzes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16398","article-title":"Formation of Amyloid in Encapsulated Human Pancreatic and Human Stem Cell-Generated Beta Cell Implants","author":"Van Hulle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2435","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002435","article-title":"Cellular Islet Autoimmunity Associates With Clinical Outcome of Islet Cell Transplantation","volume":"3","author":"Huurman","year":"2008","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2015.1030766","article-title":"Coeliac Disease - From Genetic and Immunological Studies to Clinical Applications","volume":"50","author":"Lundin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2058","article-title":"A Genome-Wide Association Study for Celiac Disease Identifies Risk Variants in the Region Harboring IL2 and IL21","volume":"39","author":"van Heel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1173966","article-title":"Mozambican Grass Seed Consumption During the Middle Stone Age","volume":"326","author":"Mercader","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986709787909613","article-title":"Toxic, Immunostimulatory and Antagonist Gluten Peptides in Celiac Disease","volume":"16","author":"Silano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1074129","article-title":"Structural Basis for Gluten Intolerance in Celiac Sprue","volume":"297","author":"Shan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2004.06.057","article-title":"Gliadin Stimulates Human Monocytes to Production of IL-8 and TNF-Alpha Through a Mechanism Involving NF-Kappab","volume":"571","author":"Jelinkova","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2010.03378.x","article-title":"Identification of a Novel Immunomodulatory Gliadin Peptide That Causes Interleukin-8 Release in a Chemokine Receptor CXCR3-Dependent Manner Only in Patients With Coeliac Disease","volume":"132","author":"Lammers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655299750024896","article-title":"31-43 Amino Acid Sequence of the Alpha-Gliadin Induces Anti-Endomysial Antibody Production During In Vitro Challenge","volume":"34","author":"Picarelli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123653","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/123653","article-title":"The Interaction Among Microbiota, Immunity, and Genetic and Dietary Factors Is the Condicio Sine Qua non Celiac Disease Can Develop","volume":"2015","author":"Pagliari","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.2.198","article-title":"Dietary Modulation of Gluten Sensitivity in a Naturally Occurring Enteropathy of Irish Setter Dogs","volume":"33","author":"Hall","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601693","article-title":"T Cells in Celiac Disease","volume":"198","author":"Jabri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.998","article-title":"Dense Genotyping Identifies and Localizes Multiple Common and Rare Variant Association Signals in Celiac Disease","volume":"43","author":"Trynka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0","article-title":"European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease","volume":"54","author":"Husby","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.219","article-title":"The Prevalence of Celiac Disease in the United States","volume":"107","author":"Rubio-Tapia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.037","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1313977","article-title":"Risk of Pediatric Celiac Disease According to HLA Haplotype and Country","volume":"371","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1015","article-title":"Prevalence of Childhood Celiac Disease and Changes in Infant Feeding","volume":"131","author":"Ivarsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.07.057","article-title":"Presentation of Celiac Disease in Finnish Children Is No Longer Changing: A 50-Year Perspective","volume":"167","author":"Kivela","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01977.x","article-title":"Age-Related Clinical, Serological, and Histopathological Features of Celiac Disease","volume":"103","author":"Vivas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-014-0194-x","article-title":"The Changing Clinical Profile of Celiac Disease: A 15-Year Experience (1998-2012) in an Italian Referral Center","volume":"14","author":"Volta","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001420","article-title":"Extraintestinal Manifestations of Celiac Disease: Effectiveness of the Gluten-Free Diet","volume":"65","author":"Jericho","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14324","article-title":"Extraintestinal Manifestations Were Common in Children With Coeliac Disease and Were More Prevalent in Patients With More Severe Clinical and Histological Presentation","volume":"108","author":"Nurminen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2003.16.6.805","article-title":"Endocrine Aspects of Coeliac Disease","volume":"16","author":"Iughetti","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.79","article-title":"American College of G. ACG Clinical Guidelines: Diagnosis and Management of Celiac\u00a0Disease","volume":"108","author":"Rubio-Tapia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001475","article-title":"Serum Vitamins and Minerals at Diagnosis and Follow-up in Children With Celiac Disease","volume":"65","author":"Deora","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-07-031104","article-title":"Hematologic Manifestations of Celiac Disease","volume":"109","author":"Halfdanarson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2012.706828","article-title":"Hematological Manifestations of Celiac Disease","volume":"47","author":"Baydoun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-015-0357-4","article-title":"Factors Associated With Growth Disturbance at Celiac Disease Diagnosis in Children: A Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"15","author":"Nurminen","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3791-4","article-title":"Celiac Disease is Associated With Reduced Bone Mineral Density and Increased FRAX Scores in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"28","author":"Kamycheva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.03.059","article-title":"Increased Prevalence and Mortality in Undiagnosed Celiac Disease","volume":"137","author":"Rubio-Tapia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-0058-0","article-title":"Usefulness of Antibodies to Deamidated Gliadin Peptides in Celiac Disease Diagnosis and Follow-Up","volume":"53","author":"Volta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/egh.09.66","article-title":"Old and New Serological Tests for Celiac Disease Screening","volume":"4","author":"Volta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.02.002","article-title":"High Incidence of Celiac Disease in a Long-term Study of Adolescents With Susceptibility Genotypes","volume":"152","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-040210-092915","article-title":"Integration of Genetic and Immunological Insights Into a Model of Celiac Disease Pathogenesis","volume":"29","author":"Abadie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.10.019","article-title":"Paracellular Versus Transcellular Intestinal Permeability to Gliadin Peptides in Active Celiac Disease","volume":"180","author":"Menard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030547","article-title":"Contribution of Infectious Agents to the Development of Celiac Disease","volume":"9","author":"Sanchez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09037-9","article-title":"Duodenal Bacterial Proteolytic Activity Determines Sensitivity to Dietary Antigen Through Protease-Activated Receptor-2","volume":"10","author":"Caminero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.95","article-title":"Metagenomics Reveals Dysbiosis and a Potentially Pathogenic N. Flavescens Strain in Duodenum of Adult Celiac Patients","volume":"111","author":"D\u2019Argenio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-63","article-title":"Intestinal Dysbiosis and Reduced Immunoglobulin-Coated Bacteria Associated With Coeliac Disease in Children","volume":"10","author":"De Palma","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-8-50","article-title":"Reduced Diversity and Increased Virulence-Gene Carriage in Intestinal Enterobacteria of Coeliac Children","volume":"8","author":"Sanchez","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2012-200759","article-title":"Intestinal Staphylococcus Spp. and Virulent Features Associated With Coeliac Disease","volume":"65","author":"Sanchez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"B259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53414","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053414","article-title":"Intestinal T-cell Responses in Celiac Disease - Impact of Celiac Disease Associated Bacteria","volume":"8","author":"Sjoberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00563-12","article-title":"Discerning the Role of Bacteroides Fragilis in Celiac Disease Pathogenesis","volume":"78","author":"Sanchez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"B261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2018.1451276","article-title":"Increased Prevalence of Pathogenic Bacteria in the Gut Microbiota of Infants at Risk of Developing Celiac Disease: The PROFICEL Study","volume":"9","author":"Olivares","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-017-0496-z","article-title":"Dysbiosis a Risk Factor for Celiac Disease","volume":"206","author":"Girbovan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02597","article-title":"Cross-Talk Between Gluten, Intestinal Microbiota and Intestinal Mucosa in Celiac Disease: Recent Advances and Basis of Autoimmunity","volume":"9","author":"Chander","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00365-11","article-title":"Influence of Environmental and Genetic Factors Linked to Celiac Disease Risk on Infant Gut Colonization by Bacteroides Species","volume":"77","author":"Sanchez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"B265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2008.061366","article-title":"Specific Duodenal and Faecal Bacterial Groups Associated With Paediatric Coeliac Disease","volume":"62","author":"Collado","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"B266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.90","article-title":"Novel Players in Coeliac Disease Pathogenesis: Role of the Gut Microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Verdu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.524","article-title":"Proximal Small Intestinal Microbiota and Identification of Rod-Shaped Bacteria Associated With Childhood Celiac Disease","volume":"104","author":"Ou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-175","article-title":"A Distinctive \u2018Microbial Signature\u2019 in Celiac Pediatric Patients","volume":"10","author":"Schippa","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"B269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0709471","article-title":"Pivotal Advance: Bifidobacteria and Gram-negative Bacteria Differentially Influence Immune Responses in the Proinflammatory Milieu of Celiac Disease","volume":"87","author":"De Palma","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-219","article-title":"Duodenal and Faecal Microbiota of Celiac Children: Molecular, Phenotype and Metabolome Characterization","volume":"11","author":"Di Cagno","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"B271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22459","article-title":"Bifidobacteria Inhibit the Inflammatory Response Induced by Gliadins in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Via Modifications of Toxic Peptide Generation During Digestion","volume":"109","author":"Laparra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"B272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03635.x","article-title":"Live Probiotic Bifidobacterium Lactis Bacteria Inhibit the Toxic Effects Induced by Wheat Gliadin in Epithelial Cell Culture","volume":"152","author":"Lindfors","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.02.028","article-title":"Lactobacilli Degrade Wheat Amylase Trypsin Inhibitors to Reduce Intestinal Dysfunction Induced by Immunogenic Wheat Proteins","volume":"156","author":"Caminero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.355","article-title":"Altered Duodenal Microbiota Composition in Celiac Disease Patients Suffering From Persistent Symptoms on a Long-Term Gluten-Free Diet","volume":"109","author":"Wacklin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e31828029a9","article-title":"The Duodenal Microbiota Composition of Adult Celiac Disease Patients is Associated With the Clinical Manifestation of the Disease","volume":"19","author":"Wacklin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflammation Bowel Dis"},{"key":"B276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.08.007","article-title":"Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota of Children With Celiac Disease at the Time of Diagnosis and on a Gluten-free Diet","volume":"159","author":"Zafeiropoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.07.025","article-title":"Salivary and Fecal Microbiota and Metabolome of Celiac Children Under Gluten-Free Diet","volume":"239","author":"De Angelis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"B278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12911","article-title":"Proinflammatory Cytokine Interferon-Gamma and Microbiome-Derived Metabolites Dictate Epigenetic Switch Between Forkhead Box Protein 3 Isoforms in Coeliac Disease","volume":"187","author":"Serena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.00313.x","article-title":"Gut Microflora Associated Characteristics in Children With Celiac Disease","volume":"100","author":"Tjellstrom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00362-14","article-title":"Salivary Microbiota and Metabolome Associated With Celiac Disease","volume":"80","author":"Francavilla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"B281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.097667","article-title":"Assessing the Population Impact of Low Rates of Breast Feeding on Asthma, Coeliac Disease and Obesity: The Use of a New Statistical Method","volume":"92","author":"Akobeng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"B282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1400697","article-title":"Introduction of Gluten, HLA Status, and the Risk of Celiac Disease in Children","volume":"371","author":"Lionetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404172","article-title":"Randomized Feeding Intervention in Infants at High Risk for Celiac Disease","volume":"371","author":"Vriezinga","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1900262","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201900262","article-title":"Human Milk Oligosaccharides Protect Against Necrotizing Enterocolitis by Inhibiting Intestinal Damage Via Increasing the Proliferation of Crypt Cells","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"B285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.02.039","article-title":"Association Between Antibiotics in the First Year of Life and Celiac Disease","volume":"156","author":"Dydensborg Sander","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu101","article-title":"Association of Maternal Education, Early Infections, and Antibiotic Use With Celiac Disease: A Population-Based Birth Cohort Study in Northeastern Italy","volume":"180","author":"Canova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-13-109","article-title":"Antibiotic Exposure and the Development of Coeliac Disease: A Nationwide Case-Control Study","volume":"13","author":"Marild","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2010.51.417","article-title":"Influence of Early Feeding Practices on Celiac Disease in Infants","volume":"51","author":"Radlovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"key":"B289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1200","article-title":"Infectious Disease and Risk of Later Celiac Disease in Childhood","volume":"125","author":"Welander","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2010.25","article-title":"Oral Tolerance in Neonates: From Basics to Potential Prevention of Allergic Disease","volume":"3","author":"Verhasselt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.11.015","article-title":"Neonatal Tolerance Under Breastfeeding Influence: The Presence of Allergen and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta in Breast Milk Protects the Progeny From Allergic Asthma","volume":"156","author":"Verhasselt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/75.5.914","article-title":"Breast-Feeding Protects Against Celiac Disease","volume":"75","author":"Ivarsson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30791","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030791","article-title":"Influence of Milk-Feeding Type and Genetic Risk of Developing Coeliac Disease on Intestinal Microbiota of Infants: The PROFICEL Study","volume":"7","author":"Palma","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-306931","article-title":"The HLA-DQ2 Genotype Selects for Early Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Infants at High Risk of Developing Coeliac Disease","volume":"64","author":"Olivares","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33387","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033387","article-title":"Proof of Concept of Microbiome-Metabolome Analysis and Delayed Gluten Exposure on Celiac Disease Autoimmunity in Genetically At-Risk Infants","volume":"7","author":"Sellitto","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2021.1840354","article-title":"Gut Microbiota in Celiac Disease: Microbes, Metabolites, Pathways and Therapeutics","volume":"16","author":"Olshan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15322","article-title":"Gut Microbiota as a New Player in Children With Celiac Disease","volume":"36","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102403","article-title":"Celiac Disease and the Microbiome","volume":"11","author":"Valitutti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2019-0657","article-title":"Gut Microbiome Investigation in Celiac Disease: From Methods to its Pathogenetic Role","volume":"58","author":"Sacchetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"B300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"h4347","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h4347","article-title":"Celiac Disease and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity","volume":"351","author":"Lebwohl","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314853","article-title":"Outcome Measures in Coeliac Disease Trials: The Tampere Recommendations","volume":"67","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310148","article-title":"Detection of Gluten Immunogenic Peptides in the Urine of Patients With Coeliac Disease Reveals Transgressions in the Gluten-Free Diet and Incomplete Mucosal Healing","volume":"66","author":"Moreno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9090929","article-title":"Activities, Participation and Quality of Life Concepts in Children and Adolescents With Celiac Disease: A Scoping Review","volume":"9","author":"Meyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.11.004","article-title":"No Difference Between Latiglutenase and Placebo in Reducing Villous Atrophy or Improving Symptoms in Patients With Symptomatic Celiac Disease","volume":"152","author":"Murray","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-017-4687-7","article-title":"Latiglutenase Improves Symptoms in Seropositive Celiac Disease Patients While on a Gluten-Free Diet","volume":"62","author":"Syage","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"B306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.02.008","article-title":"Larazotide Acetate for Persistent Symptoms of Celiac Disease Despite a Gluten-Free Diet: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"148","author":"Leffler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI98819","article-title":"Disease-Driving CD4+ T Cell Clonotypes Persist for Decades in Celiac Disease","volume":"128","author":"Risnes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-012-0599-z","article-title":"Nomenclature and Listing of Celiac Disease Relevant Gluten T-Cell Epitopes Restricted by HLA-DQ Molecules","volume":"64","author":"Sollid","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"B309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(17)30110-3","article-title":"Epitope-Specific Immunotherapy Targeting CD4-Positive T Cells in Coeliac Disease: Two Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 1 Studies","volume":"2","author":"Goel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00109","article-title":"Synthetic Nanoparticles for Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"115","author":"Irvine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"B311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00230","article-title":"Nanoparticles for the Induction of Antigen-Specific Immunological Tolerance","volume":"9","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2018.10.001","article-title":"Overcoming Challenges in Treating Autoimmuntity: Development of Tolerogenic Immune-Modifying Nanoparticles","volume":"18","author":"Pearson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1701746114","article-title":"Engineered Erythrocytes Covalently Linked to Antigenic Peptides Can Protect Against Autoimmune Disease","volume":"114","author":"Pishesha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15907","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15907","article-title":"Memory of Tolerance and Induction of Regulatory T Cells by Erythrocyte-Targeted Antigens","volume":"5","author":"Grimm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01961","article-title":"Lactococcus Lactis As a Versatile Vehicle for Tolerogenic Immunotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Cook","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701133","article-title":"Stat5b: A Differential Regulator of the Life and Death of CD4(+) Effector Memory T Cells","volume":"200","author":"Majri","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12535","article-title":"Restimulation-Induced Cell Death: New Medical and Research Perspectives","volume":"277","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042617-053019","article-title":"Unraveling the Complex Interplay Between T Cell Metabolism and Function","volume":"36","author":"Geltink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.013292","article-title":"Pediatric Celiac Disease: Follow-Up in the Spotlight","volume":"8","author":"Valitutti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"B320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2015.1064872","article-title":"Gluten-Free Diet or Alternative Therapy: A Survey on What Parents of Celiac Children Want","volume":"66","author":"Norsa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"B321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2016.03.016","article-title":"Hla-DQ2.5 Genes Associated With Celiac Disease Risk are Preferentially Expressed With Respect to non-Predisposing HLA Genes: Implication for Anti-Gluten T Cell Response","volume":"70","author":"Pisapia","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0169310","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169310","article-title":"Blood Microbiome Quantity and the Hyperdynamic Circulation in Decompensated Cirrhotic Patients","volume":"12","author":"Traykova","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2005.09.008","article-title":"VSL3 Probiotic Preparation has the Capacity to Hydrolyze Gliadin Polypeptides Responsible for Celiac Sprue","volume":"1762","author":"De Angelis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"B324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2017.03.007","article-title":"Analysis of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Human Feces: A Scoping Review","volume":"526","author":"Primec","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"B325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2018.09.011","article-title":"Nondietary Therapies for Celiac Disease","volume":"48","author":"Serena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"B326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21830","article-title":"Differences of Small Intestinal Bacteria Populations in Adults and Children With\/Without Celiac Disease: Effect of Age, Gluten Diet, and Disease","volume":"18","author":"Nistal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflammation Bowel Dis"},{"key":"B327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00164","article-title":"Comparison of Small Gut and Whole Gut Microbiota of First-Degree Relatives With Adult Celiac Disease Patients and Controls","volume":"10","author":"Bodkhe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7085314","article-title":"Intestinal Microbiota and Celiac Disease: Cause, Consequence or Co-Evolution","volume":"7","author":"Cenit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00957","article-title":"Gut Microbiota in Celiac Disease: Is There Any Role for Probiotics","volume":"11","author":"Pecora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00260-07","article-title":"Highly Efficient Gluten Degradation by Lactobacilli and Fungal Proteases During Food Processing: New Perspectives for Celiac Disease","volume":"73","author":"Rizzello","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"B331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12687","article-title":"Identification and Characterization of Intestinal Lactobacilli Strains Capable of Degrading Immunotoxic Peptides Present in Gluten","volume":"118","author":"Duar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"B332","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14175","article-title":"Lack of Immunogenicity of Hydrolysed Wheat Flour in Patients With Coeliac Disease After a Short-Term Oral Challenge","volume":"46","author":"Mandile","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.09.025","article-title":"Safety for Patients With Celiac Disease of Baked Goods Made of Wheat Flour Hydrolyzed During Food Processing","volume":"9","author":"Greco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00376-17","article-title":"Selected Probiotic Lactobacilli Have the Capacity to Hydrolyze Gluten Peptides During Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion","volume":"83","author":"Francavilla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"B335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-5-19","article-title":"Bifidobacterium Strains Suppress In Vitro the Pro-Inflammatory Milieu Triggered by the Large Intestinal Microbiota of Coeliac Patients","volume":"5","author":"Medina","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Inflammation (Lond)"},{"key":"B336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.09.005","article-title":"Oral Administration of Bifidobacterium Longum CECT 7347 Modulates Jejunal Proteome in an In Vivo Gliadin-Induced Enteropathy Animal Model","volume":"77","author":"Olivares","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Proteomics"},{"key":"B337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2008.04.006","article-title":"Adjuvant Effect of Lactobacillus Casei in a Mouse Model of Gluten Sensitivity","volume":"119","author":"D\u2019Arienzo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"B338","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2011.02582.x","article-title":"Immunomodulatory Effects of Lactobacillus Casei Administration in a Mouse Model of Gliadin-Sensitive Enteropathy","volume":"74","author":"D\u2019Arienzo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30744","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030744","article-title":"Bifidobacterium Longum CECT 7347 Modulates Immune Responses in a Gliadin-Induced Enteropathy Animal Model","volume":"7","author":"Laparra","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2009.12.002","article-title":"The Second European Evidence-Based Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Crohn\u2019s Disease: Current Management","volume":"4","author":"Dignass","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"B341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2014.04.005","article-title":"Consensus Guidelines of ECCO\/ESPGHAN on the Medical Management of Pediatric Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"8","author":"Ruemmele","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"B342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182662233","article-title":"Management of Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis: Joint ECCO and ESPGHAN Evidence-Based Consensus Guidelines","volume":"55","author":"Turner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j2083","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2083","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children","volume":"357","author":"Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S33961","article-title":"A Clinical Review of Recent Findings in the Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"5","author":"Ponder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"B345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.97","article-title":"Trends in Epidemiology of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada: Distributed Network Analysis of Multiple Population-Based Provincial Health Administrative Databases","volume":"112","author":"Benchimol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B346","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.150","article-title":"The Global Burden of IBD: From 2015 to 2025","volume":"12","author":"Kaplan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10209","article-title":"Genetics and Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"474","author":"Khor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B348","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3359","article-title":"Association Analyses Identify 38 Susceptibility Loci for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Highlight Shared Genetic Risk Across Populations","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21630","article-title":"Differential Association of Two PTPN22 Coding Variants With Crohn\u2019s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"17","author":"Diaz-Gallo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflammation Bowel Dis"},{"key":"B350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0199664","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199664","article-title":"The Presence of Genetic Risk Variants Within PTPN2 and PTPN22 Is Associated With Intestinal Microbiota Alterations in Swiss IBD Cohort Patients","volume":"13","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI123263","article-title":"Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase non-Receptor Type 22 Modulates Colitis in a Microbiota-Dependent Manner","volume":"129","author":"Spalinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2014.05.008","article-title":"Family History of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Among Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Childers","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"B353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00465-1","article-title":"Inherited Determinants of Crohn\u2019s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Phenotypes: A Genetic Association Study","volume":"387","author":"Cleynen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B354","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.52.8.627","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s Disease in Childhood","volume":"52","author":"O\u2019Donoghue","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"B355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31805563f3","article-title":"Differentiating Ulcerative Colitis From Crohn Disease in Children and Young Adults: Report of a Working Group of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the Crohn\u2019s and Colitis Foundation of America","volume":"44","author":"Bousvaros","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/S0022-3476(03)00444-X","article-title":"Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Children With Newly Diagnosed Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Wisconsin: A Statewide Population-Based Study","volume":"143","author":"Kugathasan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B357","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1102942","article-title":"Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"365","author":"Danese","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B358","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000239","article-title":"ESPGHAN Revised Porto Criteria for the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children and Adolescents","volume":"58","author":"Levine","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B359","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2004.01.002","article-title":"Specificities of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Childhood","volume":"18","author":"Griffiths","year":"2004","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.131","article-title":"The Diagnostic Accuracy of Fecal Calprotectin During the Investigation of Suspected Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"109","author":"Henderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000057","article-title":"Meta-Analysis: Fecal Calprotectin for Assessment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflammation Bowel Dis"},{"key":"B362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00381.x","article-title":"Blanchard Jf. A Population-Based Case Control Study of Potential Risk Factors for IBD","volume":"101","author":"Bernstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.44","article-title":"Dietary Intake and Risk of Developing Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review of the Literature","volume":"106","author":"Hou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06005","article-title":"Unravelling the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"448","author":"Xavier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv223","article-title":"Mucosal Barrier Depletion and Loss of Bacterial Diversity Are Primary Abnormalities in Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"10","author":"Alipour","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"B366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321106","article-title":"Ranking Microbiome Variance in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Large Longitudinal Intercontinental Study","volume":"70","author":"Clooney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B367","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.22860","article-title":"Alterations in the Gut Microbiome of Children With Severe Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"18","author":"Michail","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflammation Bowel Dis"},{"key":"B368","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.08.006","article-title":"Immunoglobulin A Coating Identifies Colitogenic Bacteria in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"158","author":"Palm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B369","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.166","article-title":"Ibd: Microbial Drivers of IBD Identified by Levels of IgA Coating","volume":"11","author":"Leake","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0604-3","article-title":"Host Immunoglobulin G Selectively Identifies Pathobionts in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"7","author":"Armstrong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B371","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05517-11","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s Disease Patients Have More IgG-Binding Fecal Bacteria Than Controls","volume":"19","author":"Harmsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"B372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44447","article-title":"The Majority of Intestinal IgA+ and IgG+ Plasmablasts in the Human Gut Are Antigen-Specific","volume":"121","author":"Benckert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706625104","article-title":"Molecular-Phylogenetic Characterization of Microbial Community Imbalances in Human Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"104","author":"Frank","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.7.3380-3389.2005","article-title":"Spatial Organization and Composition of the Mucosal Flora in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"43","author":"Swidsinski","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"B375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01004-06","article-title":"Differences Between Tissue-Associated Intestinal Microfloras of Patients With Crohn\u2019s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"44","author":"Gophna","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"B376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0308-z","article-title":"Microbial Network Disturbances in Relapsing Refractory Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"25","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313235","article-title":"A Microbial Signature for Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"66","author":"Pascal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0306-4","article-title":"Gut Microbiome Structure and Metabolic Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"4","author":"Franzosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"B379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29525","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29525","article-title":"Salmonella Degrades the Host Glycocalyx Leading to Altered Infection and Glycan Remodeling","volume":"6","author":"Arabyan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.11.5587-5596.1999","article-title":"Characterization of Pic, a Secreted Protease of Shigella Flexneri and Enteroaggregative Escherichia Coli","volume":"67","author":"Henderson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.61.10.4131-4138.1993","article-title":"Growth in and Breakdown of Purified Rabbit Small Intestinal Mucin by Yersinia Enterocolitica","volume":"61","author":"Mantle","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.044529-0","article-title":"Taga is a Secreted Protease of Vibrio Cholerae That Specifically Cleaves Mucin Glycoproteins","volume":"157","author":"Szabady","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbiol (Reading)"},{"key":"B383","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-009-0174-3","article-title":"The Mucosal Firewalls Against Commensal Intestinal Microbes","volume":"31","author":"Macpherson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"B384","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.011","article-title":"Role of the Microbiota in Immunity and Inflammation","volume":"157","author":"Belkaid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B385","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804812105","article-title":"Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii Is an Anti-Inflammatory Commensal Bacterium Identified by Gut Microbiota Analysis of Crohn Disease Patients","volume":"105","author":"Sokol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-013-0326-4","article-title":"The Role of the Environment in the Development of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"15","author":"Aujnarain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"B387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.5","article-title":"The Gut Anaerobe Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii Uses an Extracellular Electron Shuttle to Grow at Oxic-Anoxic Interphases","volume":"6","author":"Khan","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"B388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20944","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020944","article-title":"Prebiotic Effects of Wheat Arabinoxylan Related to the Increase in Bifidobacteria, Roseburia and Bacteroides\/Prevotella in Diet-Induced Obese Mice","volume":"6","author":"Neyrinck","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B389","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1038\/518S3a","article-title":"Gut Microbiome: The Peacekeepers","volume":"518","author":"Velasquez-Manoff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12721","article-title":"Commensal Microbe-Derived Butyrate Induces the Differentiation of Colonic Regulatory T Cells","volume":"504","author":"Furusawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B391","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00219.2004","article-title":"Butyrate Specifically Modulates MUC Gene Expression in Intestinal Epithelial Goblet Cells Deprived of Glucose","volume":"287","author":"Gaudier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"B392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.06.007","article-title":"Indoleacrylic Acid Produced by Commensal Peptostreptococcus Species Suppresses Inflammation","volume":"22","author":"Wlodarska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B393","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4102","article-title":"CARD9 Impacts Colitis by Altering Gut Microbiota Metabolism of Tryptophan Into Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligands","volume":"22","author":"Lamas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B394","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.620189","article-title":"Not All Fibers Are Born Equal; Variable Response to Dietary Fiber Subtypes in IBD","volume":"8","author":"Armstrong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"B395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061398","article-title":"Dietary Composition and Effects in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"11","author":"Castro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.01.046","article-title":"Dietary Guidance From the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"18","author":"Levine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B397","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17004","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2017.4","article-title":"Dynamics of the Human Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"2","author":"Halfvarson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"B398","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.007","article-title":"Longitudinal Multi-Omics Reveals Subset-Specific Mechanisms Underlying Irritable Bowel Syndrome","volume":"182","author":"Mars","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12950-020-00246-4","article-title":"Ulcerative Colitis: Understanding Its Cellular Pathology Could Provide Insights Into Novel Therapies","volume":"17","author":"Kaur","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Inflammation (Lond)"},{"key":"B400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl19019","article-title":"Perspectives on Current and Novel Treatments for Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"13","author":"Na","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"B401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000426","article-title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Nutritional and Biological Therapy in North American Children With Active Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflammation Bowel Dis"},{"key":"B402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.03.010","article-title":"Polymeric Diet Alone Versus Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Active Pediatric Crohn\u2019s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Open-Label Trial","volume":"4","author":"Borrelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-013-0815-0","article-title":"Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Induces Early Clinical, Mucosal and Transmural Remission in Paediatric Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"49","author":"Grover","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.077","article-title":"Colectomy in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis: A Single Center Experience of Indications, Outcomes, and Complications","volume":"51","author":"Ashton","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"B405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-305214","article-title":"Surgery for Children With Crohn\u2019s Disease: Indications, Complications and Outcome","volume":"99","author":"Blackburn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"B406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.03.043","article-title":"Peripheral and Intestinal Regulatory CD4+ CD25(High) T Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"128","author":"Maul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.8.3939","article-title":"Cutting Edge: Cure of Colitis by CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells","volume":"170","author":"Mottet","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.02.019","article-title":"Interleukin-23 Restrains Regulatory T Cell Activity to Drive T Cell-Dependent Colitis","volume":"28","author":"Izcue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2005.00250.x","article-title":"Regulatory T Cells and Intestinal Homeostasis","volume":"204","author":"Coombes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-011-0502-y","article-title":"Regulatory T Cells Expanded by Rapamycin In Vitro Suppress Colitis in an Experimental Mouse Model","volume":"47","author":"Ogino","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B411","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.10.5018","article-title":"A Comparative Study Between T Regulatory Type 1 and CD4+CD25+ T Cells in the Control of Inflammation","volume":"171","author":"Foussat","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(94)90045-0","article-title":"Inhibition of Th1 Responses Prevents Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Scid Mice Reconstituted With CD45RBhi Cd4+ T Cells","volume":"1","author":"Powrie","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.02.017","article-title":"Regulatory T Cell-Derived interleukin-10 Limits Inflammation at Environmental Interfaces","volume":"28","author":"Rubtsov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B414","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15868","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015868","article-title":"Retinoic Acid and Rapamycin Differentially Affect and Synergistically Promote the Ex Vivo Expansion of Natural Human T Regulatory Cells","volume":"6","author":"Golovina","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B415","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2012.074088","article-title":"Differential Effects of Rapamycin and Retinoic Acid on Expansion, Stability and Suppressive Qualities of Human CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T Regulatory Cell Subpopulations","volume":"98","author":"Scotta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B416","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.025","article-title":"Correction of Defective T-Regulatory Cells From Patients With Crohn\u2019s Disease by Ex Vivo Ligation of Retinoic Acid Receptor-Alpha","volume":"156","author":"Goldberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B417","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-306919","article-title":"Developing In Vitro Expanded CD45RA+ Regulatory T Cells as an Adoptive Cell Therapy for Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"65","author":"Canavan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14936","article-title":"Tailoring the Homing Capacity of Human Tregs for Directed Migration to Sites of Th1-Inflammation or Intestinal Regions","volume":"19","author":"Hoeppli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800018","article-title":"In Vivo Generation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cells for the Suppression of Colitis","volume":"202","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B420","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516617112","article-title":"Requirement of Full TCR Repertoire for Regulatory T Cells to Maintain Intestinal Homeostasis","volume":"112","author":"Nishio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B421","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.060","article-title":"Redirection of Regulatory T Cells With Predetermined Specificity for the Treatment of Experimental Colitis in Mice","volume":"134","author":"Elinav","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2014.41","article-title":"Suppression of Murine Colitis and its Associated Cancer by Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells","volume":"22","author":"Blat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B423","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.07.116","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of Antigen-Specific Regulatory T-Cell Therapy for Patients With Refractory Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"143","author":"Desreumaux","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B424","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.202","article-title":"Efficacy of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Synbiotics in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Idiopathic Constipation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"109","author":"Ford","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.037747","article-title":"Maintaining Remission of Ulcerative Colitis With the Probiotic Escherichia Coli Nissle 1917 Is as Effective as With Standard Mesalazine","volume":"53","author":"Kruis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20557","article-title":"Microcins Mediate Competition Among Enterobacteriaceae in the Inflamed Gut","volume":"540","author":"Sassone-Corsi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B427","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CEG.S27530","article-title":"Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"7","author":"Ghouri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s1","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318484","article-title":"British Society of Gastroenterology Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Adults","volume":"68","author":"Lamb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90663-A","article-title":"Effect of Faecal Stream Diversion on Recurrence of Crohn\u2019s Disease in the Neoterminal Ileum","volume":"338","author":"Rutgeerts","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B430","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13868","article-title":"Consensus Report: Faecal Microbiota Transfer - Clinical Applications and Procedures","volume":"45","author":"Konig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B431","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20608","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin or Metronidazole for the Treatment of Perianal Fistulas in Patients With Crohn\u2019s Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study","volume":"15","author":"Thia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflammation Bowel Dis"},{"key":"B432","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.11.032","article-title":"Rifaximin-Extended Intestinal Release Induces Remission in Patients With Moderately Active Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"142","author":"Prantera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B433","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.72","article-title":"Antibiotic Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"106","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2012.718","article-title":"Meta-Analysis of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Therapy in Patients With Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"B435","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.07.011","article-title":"Inflammation, Antibiotics, and Diet as Environmental Stressors of the Gut Microbiome in Pediatric Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"22","author":"Lewis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B436","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.74","article-title":"Foxp3(+) T Cells Expressing RORgammat Represent a Stable Regulatory T-cell Effector Lineage With Enhanced Suppressive Capacity During Intestinal Inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0351-z","article-title":"Regulatory T Cell Adaptation in the Intestine and Skin","volume":"20","author":"Whibley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B438","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14875","article-title":"The Gastrointestinal Microbiome: A Review","volume":"32","author":"Barko","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"B439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11450","article-title":"A Metagenome-Wide Association Study of Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"490","author":"Qin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1605-5","article-title":"Microbiota and Metabolic Diseases","volume":"61","author":"Pascale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05184-7","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Associations With Common Diseases and Prescription Medications in a Population-Based Cohort","volume":"9","author":"Jackson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B442","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102530","article-title":"Microbiota and Metabolites in Rheumatic Diseases","volume":"19","author":"Tong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B443","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31266-8","article-title":"The Evolution of the Use of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation and Emerging Therapeutic Indications","volume":"394","author":"Allegretti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-017-0089-z","article-title":"Dynamics of Metatranscription in the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Gut Microbiome","volume":"3","author":"Schirmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"B445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.03.045","article-title":"Findings From a Randomized Controlled Trial of Fecal Transplantation for Patients With Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"149","author":"Rossen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B446","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.001","article-title":"Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Induces Remission in Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"149","author":"Moayyedi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30182-4","article-title":"Multidonor Intensive Faecal Microbiota Transplantation for Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"389","author":"Paramsothy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.20046","article-title":"Effect of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on 8-Week Remission in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"321","author":"Costello","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD012774","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012774.pub2","article-title":"Fecal Transplantation for Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"11","author":"Imdad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"B450","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx063","article-title":"Faecal Microbiota Transplantation for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Paramsothy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"B451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-46","article-title":"Gut Microbiota in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Differs From That in Healthy Children: A Case-Control Study","volume":"11","author":"Murri","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"B452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2011.00774.x","article-title":"The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY): Genetic Criteria and International Diabetes Risk Screening of 421 000 Infants","volume":"12","author":"Hagopian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"B453","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0253","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Differs in Composition and Functionality Between Children With Type 1 Diabetes and MODY2 and Healthy Control Subjects: A Case-Control Study","volume":"41","author":"Leiva-Gea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322630","article-title":"Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Halts Progression of Human New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in a Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"70","author":"de Groot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B455","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619845986","article-title":"Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Crohn Disease: A Study Evaluating Safety, Efficacy, and Microbiome Profile","volume":"7","author":"Gutin","year":"2019","journal-title":"United Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"B456","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-019-00809-2","article-title":"Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Active Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"42","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"B457","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa161","article-title":"The Medical Management of Paediatric Crohn\u2019s Disease: An ECCO-ESPGHAN Guideline Update","author":"van Rheenen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"B458","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000001132","article-title":"Single Delivery of High-Diversity Fecal Microbiota Preparation by Colonoscopy Is Safe and Effective in Increasing Microbial Diversity in Active Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"23","author":"Jacob","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflammation Bowel Dis"},{"key":"B459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00441-5","article-title":"Recipient Factors in Faecal Microbiota Transplantation: One Stool Does Not Fit All","author":"Danne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B460","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci18-0023","article-title":"Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association","volume":"41","author":"Chiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.110","article-title":"The IBD Interactome: An Integrated View of Aetiology, Pathogenesis and Therapy","volume":"14","author":"de Souza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B462","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpam.2017.08.002","article-title":"The Approach to Celiac Disease in Children","volume":"4","author":"Guandalini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"B463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10060755","article-title":"Extra-Intestinal Manifestation of Celiac Disease in Children","volume":"10","author":"Jericho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B464","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.1982","article-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children and Adolescents","volume":"169","author":"Rosen","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"B465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.677","article-title":"Adverse Drug Reactions in Children: The Double-Edged Sword of Therapeutics","volume":"101","author":"Elzagallaai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2013.02.003","article-title":"Factors Affecting the Development of Adverse Drug Reactions (Review Article)","volume":"22","author":"Alomar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm J"},{"key":"B467","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0003-z","article-title":"Urbanization and the Gut Microbiota in Health and Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"15","author":"Zuo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B468","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0367-2","article-title":"Host-Microbiota Interactions in Immune-Mediated Diseases","volume":"18","author":"Ruff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01830","article-title":"Aspects of Gut Microbiota and Immune System Interactions in Infectious Diseases, Immunopathology, and Cancer","volume":"9","author":"Lazar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B470","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8101587","article-title":"Gut Microbiota and Immune System Interactions","volume":"8","author":"Yoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-019-0070-9","article-title":"Genetically Engineered T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B472","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.570672","article-title":"Using Gene Editing Approaches to Fine-Tune the Immune System","volume":"11","author":"Pavlovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B473","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0306-5","article-title":"A Guide to Cancer Immunotherapy: From T Cell Basic Science to Clinical Practice","volume":"20","author":"Waldman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B474","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102761","article-title":"Engineered Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells for Autoimmune Skin Conditions","volume":"20","author":"Mukhatayev","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2020.104193","article-title":"Regulatory T Cell Therapy: Current and Future Design Perspectives","volume":"356","author":"Rana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"B476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-019-0155-8","article-title":"Gut Microbiome and CAR-T Therapy","volume":"8","author":"Abid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Hematol Oncol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.642166\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T10:04:32Z","timestamp":1623060272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.642166\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"references-count":476,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2021.642166"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.642166","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"article-number":"642166"}}