{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:43:21Z","timestamp":1791852201695,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that causes deadly T-cell lymphomas and serves as a natural virus-induced tumor model in chickens. The most efficacious vaccine, CVI988\/Rispens (CVI988), against MD has been used for several decades. However, the mechanisms leading to protective immunity following vaccination are not fully understood. In this study, employing multi-parameter flow cytometry, we performed a comprehensive analysis of T cell responses in CVI988-vaccinated chickens. CVI988 vaccination induced significant expansion of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and CD8\u03b1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells but not CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in spleen, lung and blood at early time-points. The expansion of these cells was CVI988-specific as infection with very virulent MDV RB1B did not elicit expansion of either \u03b3\u03b4 or CD8\u03b1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. Phenotypic analysis showed that CVI988 vaccination elicited preferential proliferation of CD8\u03b1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and CD8\u03b1\u03b1 co-receptor expression was upregulated on \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and CD8\u03b1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells after immunization. Additionally, cell sorting and quantitative RT-PCR showed that CVI988 vaccination activated \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and CD8\u03b1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells which exhibited differential expression of cytotoxic and T cell-related cytokines. Lastly, secondary immunization with CVI988 induced the expansion of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells but not \u03b3\u03b4 T cells at higher magnitude, compared to primary immunization, suggesting CVI988 did induce memory CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells but not \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in chickens. Our results, for the first time, reveal a potential role of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in CVI988-induced immune protection and provide new insights into the mechanism of immune protection against oncogenic MDV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.645426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T16:44:06Z","timestamp":1613407446000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["An Anti-Tumor Vaccine Against Marek's Disease Virus Induces Differential Activation and Memory Response of \u03b3\u03b4 T Cells and CD8 T Cells in Chickens"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aijian","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaobin","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012088379-0\/50014-1","article-title":"Immunity to Marek's disease. 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