{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T21:12:56Z","timestamp":1774991576195,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pemphigus is a rare but life-threatening autoimmune skin disease characterized by blistering on skin and\/or mucous membranes. The physiological process of blister formation involves IgG antibodies against the desmogleins (Dsgs) and desmocollins (Dscs). Additional autoAbs have also been suggested to mediate the disease heterogeneity, such as anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and antithyroglobulin (anti-Tg) antibodies, the essential culprits of the immune system in autoimmune thyroid diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the levels and antibody positivity of anti-TPO and anti-Tg antibodies in pemphigus patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antibody positivity and levels of anti-TPO and anti-Tg antibodies in pemphigus patients as compared to healthy controls were examined. A meta-analysis was conducted by reviewing six similar studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>98 Chinese pemphigus patients and 65 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Our meta-analysis revealed a significant correlation between increased presence of positive anti-TPO and anti-Tg antibodies and pemphigus, particularly for pemphigus vulgaris (PV). Such correlation was also observed in our own hospitalized PV patients, but not in pemphigus foliaceus (PF) patients. In addition, the status of anti-TPO and anti-Tg antibodies were also compared between females and males within PV patients, PF patients or controls, as well as compared for females or males between pemphigus patients and controls. In the analysis of T cell counts, we found abnormal low CD3 + T cell counts (&amp;lt; 690 n\/\u00b5l) were only detected in patients whose thyroid antibody levels were less than 20 IU\/ml.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pemphigus patients showed higher levels and antibody positivity of anti-TPO and anti-Tg antibodies than healthy controls. Further investigations are needed to identify the pathogenic functions of these antibodies in pemphigus, as well as to identify the potential shared susceptibility genes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.653356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T06:49:18Z","timestamp":1615877358000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Serum Detection of Anti-thyroid Peroxidase and Anti-thyroglobulin Antibodies in Chinese Patients With Pemphigus Vulgaris and Pemphigus Foliaceus and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"He-Xiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing-Yuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun-Fei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong-Duo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing-Hua","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12772","article-title":"Pemphigus. S2 Guideline for diagnosis and treatment\u2013guided by the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) in cooperation with the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV)","volume":"29","author":"Hertl","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31778-7","article-title":"Pemphigus","volume":"394","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17026","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.26","article-title":"Pemphigus","volume":"3","author":"Kasperkiewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13433","article-title":"Identification of a new disease cluster of pemphigus vulgaris with autoimmune thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis and type I diabetes","volume":"172","author":"Parameswaran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.06.022","article-title":"Mechanisms Causing Loss of Keratinocyte Cohesion in Pemphigus","volume":"138","author":"Spindler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.024810","article-title":"Desmocollin 3-mediated binding is crucial for keratinocyte cohesion and is impaired in pemphigus","volume":"284","author":"Spindler","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13409","article-title":"Routine detection of serum antidesmocollin autoantibodies is only useful in patients with atypical pemphigus","volume":"26","author":"Mindorf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13711","article-title":"Anti-desmocollin autoantibodies in nonclassical pemphigus","volume":"173","author":"Ishii","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00218","article-title":"The Evolving Story of Autoantibodies in Pemphigus Vulgaris: Development of the \u201cSuper Compensation Hypothesis\u201d","volume":"5","author":"Sinha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01418","article-title":"Pemphigus: Current and Future Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"10","author":"Didona","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00692","article-title":"Autoantibody Signaling in Pemphigus Vulgaris: Development of an Integrated Model","volume":"9","author":"Sajda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13106","article-title":"Monopathogenic vs multipathogenic explanations of pemphigus pathophysiology","volume":"25","author":"Ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10305","article-title":"Antibodies against keratinocyte antigens other than desmogleins 1 and 3 can induce pemphigus vulgaris-like lesions","volume":"106","author":"Nguyen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.10.016","article-title":"IgG autoantibodies against desmocollin 3 in pemphigus sera induce loss of keratinocyte adhesion","volume":"178","author":"Rafei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00625","article-title":"Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Reactivity Is Heightened in Pemphigus Vulgaris and Is Driven by Human Leukocyte Antigen Status and the Absence of Desmoglein Reactivity","volume":"9","author":"Seiffert-Sinha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.11.022","article-title":"Association of pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid with thyroid autoimmunity in Caucasian patients","volume":"68","author":"Ameri","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146897","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/146897","article-title":"The evaluation of thyroid diseases in patients with pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"2012","author":"Kavala","year":"2012","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.05.024","article-title":"Thyroid autoimmunity and pemphigus vulgaris: is there a significant association","volume":"62","author":"Daneshpazhooh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03172.x","article-title":"Thyroid autoimmunity in Iranian patients with pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"23","author":"Ansar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B20","article-title":"Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in patients with pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"65","author":"Pitoia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med (B Aires)"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.180","article-title":"TSH receptor and thyroid-specific gene expression in human skin","volume":"130","author":"Cianfarani","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04818.x","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases in patients with pemphigus and their first-degree relatives","volume":"50","author":"Leshem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00159","article-title":"Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases and Thyroid Cancer in Pemphigus: A Big Data Analysis","volume":"5","author":"Kridin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vii","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2011.03.016","article-title":"A globally available internet-based patient survey of pemphigus vulgaris: epidemiology and disease characteristics","volume":"29","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3149","article-title":"Serum miR-125a-5p and CCL17 Upregulated in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria and Correlated with Treatment Response","volume":"99","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200108023450506","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases","volume":"345","author":"Davidson","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000193605.93416.df","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases co-occurring within individuals and within families: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Somers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn408","article-title":"Are individuals with an autoimmune disease at higher risk of a second autoimmune disorder","volume":"169","author":"Somers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11198.x","article-title":"The prevalence of thyroid disease in patients with vitiligo: a systematic review","volume":"167","author":"Vrijman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08881.x","article-title":"Guideline for the diagnosis and management of vitiligo","volume":"159","author":"Gawkrodger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1997.4412","article-title":"Epidemiology and estimated population burden of selected autoimmune diseases in the United States","volume":"84","author":"Jacobson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.653356\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T06:49:20Z","timestamp":1615877360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.653356\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2021.653356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.653356","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"article-number":"653356"}}