{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T22:41:48Z","timestamp":1793400108686,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":179,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>B cells form a branch of the adaptive immune system, essential for the body\u2019s immune defense against pathogens. B\u00a0cell\u00a0dysfunction has\u00a0been implicated in the pathogenesis of immune mediated liver diseases including autoimmune hepatitis, IgG4-related hepatobiliary disease, primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. B cells may initiate and maintain immune related liver diseases in several ways including the production of autoantibodies and the activation of T cells via antigen presentation or cytokine production. Here we comprehensively review current knowledge on B\u00a0cell mechanisms in immune mediated liver diseases, exploring disease pathogenesis, B\u00a0cell\u00a0therapies, and novel treatment targets. We identify key areas where future research should focus to enable the development of targeted B cell therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.661196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T01:53:58Z","timestamp":1618365238000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["The Role of B Cells and B Cell Therapies in Immune-Mediated Liver Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tamsin","family":"Cargill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma L.","family":"Culver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0244-2","article-title":"B cell memory: building two walls of protection 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