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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immune function is altered with increasing age. Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) accelerates age-related immunological changes resulting in expanded oligoclonal memory CD8 T cell populations with impaired proliferation, signaling, and cytokine production. As a consequence, elderly CMV seropositive (CMV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) individuals have increased mortality and impaired responses to other infections in comparison to seronegative (CMV<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>) individuals of the same age. CMV is also a significant complication after organ transplantation, and recent studies have shown that CMV-associated expansion of memory T cells is accelerated after transplantation. Thus, we investigated whether immune aging is accelerated post-transplant, using a combination of telomere length, flow cytometry phenotyping, and single cell RNA sequencing. Telomere length decreased slightly in the first year after transplantation in a subset of both CMV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CMV<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup> recipients with a strong concordance between CD57<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells and short telomeres. Phenotypically aged cells increased post-transplant specifically in CMV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> recipients, and clonally expanded T cells were enriched for terminally differentiated cells post-transplant. Overall, these findings demonstrate a pattern of accelerated aging of the CD8 T cell compartment in CMV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> transplant recipients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.661551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T17:04:23Z","timestamp":1622135063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Association of Premature Immune Aging and Cytomegalovirus After Solid Organ Transplant"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Higdon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire E.","family":"Gustafson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuhuai","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malaya 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