{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:07:48Z","timestamp":1790744868433,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":189,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Cu 47\/4-2 , Cu 47\/6-1, Cu 47\/9-1 , Cu 47\/12-2 , HO 5556\/1-2 , BO4489\/1-1 , BO4489\/1-2 , BO4489\/3-1, 73111208, 1403\u2013414786233, 3927 49992 , EM 48\/5-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Cu 47\/4-2 , Cu 47\/6-1, Cu 47\/9-1 , Cu 47\/12-2 , HO 5556\/1-2 , BO4489\/1-1 , BO4489\/1-2 , BO4489\/3-1, 73111208, 1403\u2013414786233, 3927 49992 , EM 48\/5-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Macrophages are critical mediators of tissue vascularization both in health and disease. In multiple tissues, macrophages have been identified as important regulators of both blood and lymphatic vessel growth, specifically following tissue injury and in pathological inflammatory responses. In development, macrophages have also been implicated in limiting vascular growth. Hence, macrophages provide an important therapeutic target to modulate tissue vascularization in the clinic. However, the molecular mechanisms how macrophages mediate tissue vascularization are still not entirely resolved. Furthermore, mechanisms might also vary among different tissues. Here we review the role of macrophages in tissue vascularization with a focus on their role in blood and lymphatic vessel formation in the barrier tissues cornea and skin. Comparing mechanisms of macrophage-mediated hem- and lymphangiogenesis in the angiogenically privileged cornea and the physiologically vascularized skin provides an opportunity to highlight similarities but also tissue-specific differences, and to understand how macrophage-mediated hem- and lymphangiogenesis can be exploited for the treatment of disease, including corneal wound healing after injury, graft rejection after corneal transplantation or pathological vascularization of the skin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.667830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T06:12:55Z","timestamp":1617775975000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Macrophage-Mediated Tissue Vascularization: Similarities and Differences Between Cornea and Skin"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Karina","family":"Hadrian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Willenborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Cursiefen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine A.","family":"Eming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Hos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-017-0392-4","article-title":"Tissue macrophages: heterogeneity and functions","volume":"15","author":"Gordon","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI20465","article-title":"VEGF-A stimulates lymphangiogenesis and hemangiogenesis in inflammatory neovascularization via macrophage recruitment","volume":"113","author":"Cursiefen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI23874","article-title":"Inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis in the cornea arises from CD11b-positive macrophages","volume":"115","author":"Maruyama","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080515","article-title":"Contribution of macrophages to angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3-specific ligands","volume":"175","author":"Chung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.01.008","article-title":"A Macrophage-Pericyte Axis Directs Tissue Restoration via Amphiregulin-Induced Transforming Growth Factor Beta Activation","volume":"50","author":"Minutti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B6","article-title":"Lymphatic vessels in vascularized human corneas: immunohistochemical investigation using LYVE-1 and podoplanin","volume":"43","author":"Cursiefen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.01.001","article-title":"Novel anti(lymph)angiogenic treatment strategies for corneal and ocular surface diseases","volume":"34","author":"Bock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.09.012","article-title":"IL-10 Indirectly Regulates Corneal Lymphangiogenesis and Resolution of Inflammation via Macrophages","volume":"186","author":"Hos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7227","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07806-4","article-title":"Transient Ingrowth of Lymphatic Vessels into the Physiologically Avascular Cornea Regulates Corneal Edema and Transparency","volume":"7","author":"Hos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39876-x","article-title":"Corneal lymphangiogenesis ameliorates corneal inflammation and edema in late stage of bacterial keratitis","volume":"9","author":"Narimatsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36526-6","article-title":"Phase-specific functions of macrophages determine injury-mediated corneal hem- and lymphangiogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Kiesewetter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.163.2.474","article-title":"Distribution of blood monocytes between a marginating and a circulating pool","volume":"163","author":"van Furth","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/s1074-7613(03)00174-2","article-title":"Blood monocytes consist of two principal subsets with distinct migratory properties","volume":"19","author":"Geissmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132557","article-title":"Blood monocytes: development, heterogeneity, and relationship with dendritic cells","volume":"27","author":"Auffray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.012385","article-title":"Definitive hematopoiesis initiates through a committed erythromyeloid progenitor in the zebrafish embryo","volume":"134","author":"Bertrand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-02-0461","article-title":"Three pathways to mature macrophages in the early mouse yolk sac","volume":"106","author":"Bertrand","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02492-2","article-title":"Yolk sac macrophage progenitors traffic to the embryo during defined stages of development","volume":"9","author":"Stremmel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219179","article-title":"A lineage of myeloid cells independent of Myb and hematopoietic stem cells","volume":"336","author":"Schulz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13989","article-title":"Tissue-resident macrophages originate from yolk-sac-derived erythro-myeloid progenitors","volume":"518","author":"Gomez Perdiguero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.03.011","article-title":"C-Myb(+) erythro-myeloid progenitor-derived fetal monocytes give rise to adult tissue-resident macrophages","volume":"42","author":"Hoeffel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2016.139","article-title":"CCR2(-) and CCR2(+) corneal macrophages exhibit distinct characteristics and balance inflammatory responses after epithelial abrasion","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2004.09.015","article-title":"The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization","volume":"25","author":"Mantovani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.4.2000","article-title":"Distinct differentiation potential of blood monocyte subsets in the lung","volume":"178","author":"Landsman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.7.4155","article-title":"Relationships between distinct blood monocyte subsets and migrating intestinal lymph dendritic cells in vivo under steady-state conditions","volume":"176","author":"Yrlid","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28549","article-title":"Monocyte subsets differentially employ CCR2, CCR5, and CX3CR1 to accumulate within atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"117","author":"Tacke","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1142883","article-title":"Monitoring of blood vessels and tissues by a population of monocytes with patrolling behavior","volume":"317","author":"Auffray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.12.001","article-title":"Fate mapping reveals origins and dynamics of monocytes and tissue macrophages under homeostasis","volume":"38","author":"Yona","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.304650","article-title":"Nonclassical patrolling monocyte function in the vasculature","volume":"35","author":"Thomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-01-403386","article-title":"CCR2 recruits an inflammatory macrophage subpopulation critical for angiogenesis in tissue repair","volume":"120","author":"Willenborg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34610","article-title":"Unique CD14 intestinal macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn disease via IL-23\/IFN-gamma axis","volume":"118","author":"Kamada","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1212640","article-title":"CD14+CD33+ myeloid cell-CCL11-eosinophil signature in ulcerative colitis","volume":"94","author":"Lampinen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30602","article-title":"TREM-1\u2013expressing intestinal macrophages crucially amplify chronic inflammation in experimental colitis and inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"117","author":"Schenk","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020105123","article-title":"Mapping the origin and fate of myeloid cells in distinct compartments of the eye by single-cell profiling","volume":"40","author":"Wieghofer","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-4005","article-title":"Distinct role of macrophages in different tumor microenvironments","volume":"66","author":"Lewis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911378107","article-title":"Inhibition of Mac-1 (CD11b\/CD18) enhances tumor response to radiation by reducing myeloid cell recruitment","volume":"107","author":"Ahn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V81.6.1607.1607","article-title":"Molecular cloning of CD68, a human macrophage marker related to lysosomal glycoproteins","volume":"81","author":"Holness","year":"1993","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(85)90215-5","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of macrophages and microglia in the adult and developing mouse brain","volume":"15","author":"Perry","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737553","article-title":"EMR1, the human homolog of F4\/80, is an eosinophil-specific receptor","volume":"37","author":"Hamann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/346425a0","article-title":"Adhesion receptors of the immune system","volume":"346","author":"Springer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.5.2021","article-title":"Expression of type 3 complement receptor on activated CD8+ T cells facilitates homing to inflammatory sites","volume":"153","author":"Nielsen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.03.021","article-title":"CD11b-mediated migratory property of peripheral blood B cells","volume":"116","author":"Kawai","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-061020-053707","article-title":"Dendritic Cells Revisited","volume":"39","author":"Cabeza-Cabrerizo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B43","article-title":"[The \u201cclassical\u201d macrophage marker CD68 is strongly expressed in primary human fibroblasts]","volume":"87","author":"Kunz-Schughart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.013029","article-title":"Macrophage specificity of three anti-CD68 monoclonal antibodies (KP1, EBM11, and PGM1) widely used for immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry","volume":"63","author":"Kunisch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2013-0086MA","article-title":"Flow cytometric analysis of macrophages and dendritic cell subsets in the mouse lung","volume":"49","author":"Misharin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02925","article-title":"Spatial Mapping of Myeloid Cells and Macrophages by Multiplexed Tissue Staining","volume":"9","author":"Saylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.8.3566","article-title":"Expression of the fms-like tyrosine kinase 4 gene becomes restricted to lymphatic endothelium during development","volume":"92","author":"Kaipainen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)81511-1","article-title":"Prox1 function is required for the development of the murine lymphatic system","volume":"98","author":"Wigle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65285-6","article-title":"Angiosarcomas express mixed endothelial phenotypes of blood and lymphatic capillaries: podoplanin as a specific marker for lymphatic endothelium","volume":"154","author":"Breiteneder-Geleff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg342","article-title":"T1alpha\/podoplanin deficiency disrupts normal lymphatic vasculature formation and causes lymphedema","volume":"22","author":"Schacht","year":"2003","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000259564.92792.93","article-title":"Angiogenic role of LYVE-1-positive macrophages in adipose tissue","volume":"100","author":"Cho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0783","article-title":"LYVE-1-positive macrophages are present in normal murine eyes","volume":"48","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15638","article-title":"Consensus statement on the immunohistochemical detection of ocular lymphatic vessels","volume":"55","author":"Schroedl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau0964","article-title":"Two distinct interstitial macrophage populations coexist across tissues in specific subtissular niches","volume":"363","author":"Chakarov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1733","article-title":"Monocyte and macrophage heterogeneity","volume":"5","author":"Gordon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.008","article-title":"Macrophage activation and polarization: nomenclature and experimental guidelines","volume":"41","author":"Murray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.09.005","article-title":"Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Signaling in Myeloid Cells Controls Collagen Fibril Assembly in Skin Repair","volume":"43","author":"Knipper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2628","article-title":"An essential role for TH2-type responses in limiting acute tissue damage during experimental helminth infection","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B59","first-page":"64","article-title":"Localization and characterization of major histocompatibility complex class II-positive cells in the posterior segment of the eye: implications for induction of autoimmune uveoretinitis","volume":"35","author":"Forrester","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B60","article-title":"Immunomorphologic studies of macrophages and MHC class II-positive dendritic cells in the iris and ciliary body of the rat, mouse, and human eye","volume":"35","author":"McMenamin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1997.0297","article-title":"Phenotypic analysis of resident lymphoid cells in the conjunctiva and adnexal tissues of rat","volume":"64","author":"Gomes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.83.5.598","article-title":"Dendritic cells and macrophages in the uveal tract of the normal mouse eye","volume":"83","author":"McMenamin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-1721","article-title":"The normal human choroid is endowed with a significant number of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronate receptor 1 (LYVE-1)-positive macrophages","volume":"49","author":"Schroedl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-85226-8_16","article-title":"Macrophages in host defense mechanisms","volume":"210","author":"van Rooijen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2930-9_22","article-title":"Antigen presenting capacity of peritoneal macrophages and dendritic cells","volume":"329","author":"van Vugt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/s0962-8924(99)01540-8","article-title":"The macrophage\u2013a cell for all seasons","volume":"9","author":"Morrissette","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-9966-8_60","article-title":"Dendritic cells and macrophages induce the development of distinct T helper cell populations in vivo","volume":"417","author":"De Becker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.06.008","article-title":"Langerhans Cells - The Macrophage in Dendritic Cell Clothing","volume":"38","author":"Doebel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B69","article-title":"Identification of a novel macrophage population in the normal mouse corneal stroma","volume":"43","author":"Brissette-Storkus","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/282326a0","article-title":"Corneal allografts fail to express Ia antigens","author":"Streilein","year":"5736","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0838","article-title":"The corneal stroma is endowed with a significant number of resident dendritic cells","volume":"44","author":"Hamrah","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B72","article-title":"Langerhans cells in the normal conjunctiva and peripheral cornea of selected species","volume":"21","author":"Rodrigues","year":"1981","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(82)34737-5","article-title":"Langerhans cells of the ocular surface","volume":"89","author":"Gillette","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(84)90696-2","article-title":"The expression of HLA antigens by cells in the human cornea","volume":"98","author":"Treseler","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.02868.x","article-title":"Turnover of bone marrow-derived cells in the irradiated mouse cornea","volume":"125","author":"Chinnery","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.3.986.986_986_993","article-title":"Kinetics of central nervous system microglial and macrophage engraftment: analysis using a transgenic bone marrow transplantation model","volume":"90","author":"Kennedy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B77","article-title":"Novel characterization of MHC class II-negative population of resident corneal Langerhans cell-type dendritic cells","volume":"43","author":"Hamrah","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.08.039","article-title":"Basic and therapeutic aspects of angiogenesis","volume":"146","author":"Potente","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B79","article-title":"Lymphatic vessels: structure and function","volume":"13","author":"Rovenska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200304000-00021","article-title":"Corneal lymphangiogenesis: evidence, mechanisms, and implications for corneal transplant immunology","volume":"22","author":"Cursiefen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"B81","first-page":"264","article-title":"Corneal angiogenic privilege: angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in corneal avascularity, vasculogenesis, and wound healing (an American Ophthalmological Society thesis)","volume":"104","author":"Azar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"B82","article-title":"Inhibition of vascular endothelial cell morphogenesis in cultures by limbal epithelial cells","volume":"40","author":"Ma","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B83","article-title":"Proliferation of vascular endothelial cells stimulated in vitro by corneal epithelium","volume":"28","author":"Eliason","year":"1987","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B84","article-title":"Inhibition of lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis by enzymatically isolated rabbit cornea cells","volume":"26","author":"Kaminski","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910560318","article-title":"Angiostatic activities of medroxyprogesterone acetate and its analogues","volume":"56","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200007000-00025","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor alpha, and transforming growth factor beta1 in human corneas with neovascularization","volume":"19","author":"Cursiefen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11373-007-9153-7","article-title":"Inhibition of corneal neovascularization with endostatin delivered by adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector in a mouse corneal injury model","volume":"14","author":"Lai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J BioMed Sci"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.10.014","article-title":"Tyrosinase Is a Novel Endogenous Regulator of Developmental and Inflammatory Lymphangiogenesis","volume":"189","author":"Buttner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24287","article-title":"Semaphorin 3F Modulates Corneal Lymphangiogenesis and Promotes Corneal Graft Survival","volume":"59","author":"Reuer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B90","article-title":"Subconjunctival injection of recombinant AAV-angiostatin ameliorates alkali burn induced corneal angiogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/s0945-053x(03)00005-2","article-title":"Thrombospondins 1 and 2 function as inhibitors of angiogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Armstrong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0955-0674(00)00143-5","article-title":"The functions of thrombospondin-1 and-2","volume":"12","author":"Lawler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2002.tb00307.x","article-title":"Thrombospondin-1 as an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth","volume":"6","author":"Lawler","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711281105","article-title":"PPARalpha agonist fenofibrate suppresses tumor growth through direct and indirect angiogenesis inhibition","volume":"105","author":"Panigrahy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20092277","article-title":"Thrombospondin 1 inhibits inflammatory lymphangiogenesis by CD36 ligation on monocytes","volume":"208","author":"Cursiefen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0940","article-title":"Roles of thrombospondin-1 and -2 in regulating corneal and iris angiogenesis","volume":"45","author":"Cursiefen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B97","first-page":"59","article-title":"A role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in the control of corneal neovascularization","volume":"10","author":"Friling","year":"1996","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301320","article-title":"Blockade of TGF-beta by in vivo gene transfer of a soluble TGF-beta type II receptor in the muscle inhibits corneal opacification, edema and angiogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21706","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) induces angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated apoptosis","volume":"219","author":"Ferrari","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05249","article-title":"Corneal avascularity is due to soluble VEGF receptor-1","volume":"443","author":"Ambati","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.22.10705","article-title":"Inhibition of vascular endothelial cell growth factor activity by an endogenously encoded soluble receptor","volume":"90","author":"Kendall","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2018","article-title":"Alternatively spliced vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 is an essential endogenous inhibitor of lymphatic vessel growth","volume":"15","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-08-453043","article-title":"Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 is essential for corneal alymphaticity","volume":"121","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506112103","article-title":"Nonvascular VEGF receptor 3 expression by corneal epithelium maintains avascularity and vision","volume":"103","author":"Cursiefen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A."},{"key":"B105","article-title":"Vascularization of the Cornea. Its Experimental Induction by Small Lesions and a New Theory of Its Pathogenesis","volume":"46","author":"Cogan","year":"1948","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.37.4.210","article-title":"Observations on the growth of blood vessels into the cornea; application of a new experimental technique","volume":"37","author":"Langham","year":"1953","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1963.00960050244017","article-title":"Experimental Corneal Vascularization","volume":"70","author":"Levene","year":"1963","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1994.42","article-title":"Stem cells and corneal epithelial regeneration","volume":"8","author":"Kruse","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.02.016","article-title":"Identification and characterization of limbal stem cells","volume":"81","author":"Schlotzer-Schrehardt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1994.41","article-title":"Perpetuation of stem cells in the eye","volume":"8","author":"Zieske","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v6.i4.391","article-title":"Limbal stem cells: Central concepts of corneal epithelial homeostasis","volume":"6","author":"Yoon","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Stem Cells"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00143661","article-title":"Growth pressure and metaplasia of conjunctival and corneal epithelium","author":"Friedenwald","year":"1951","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8620172","article-title":"The Role of Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells in Regulating Corneal (Lymph)angiogenic Privilege and the Micromilieu of the Limbal Niche following UV Exposure","volume":"2018","author":"Notara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12331","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48811-z","article-title":"Application of corneal injury models in dual fluorescent reporter transgenic mice to understand the roles of the cornea and limbus in angiogenic and lymphangiogenic privilege","volume":"9","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B115","first-page":"58","article-title":"Immunity to homologous grafted skin; the fate of skin homografts transplanted to the brain, to subcutaneous tissue, and to the anterior chamber of the eye","volume":"29","author":"Medawar","year":"1948","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.67.4.488","article-title":"Regulation of adaptive immune responses by innate cells expressing NK markers and antigen-transporting macrophages","volume":"67","author":"Stein-Streilein","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B117","article-title":"Studies on the induction of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID). II. Eye-derived cells participate in generating blood-borne signals that induce ACAID","volume":"146","author":"Wilbanks","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08830180212066","article-title":"Anterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID): regulation, biological relevance, and implications for therapy","volume":"21","author":"Stein-Streilein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000099253","article-title":"Immune privilege and angiogenic privilege of the cornea","volume":"92","author":"Cursiefen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem Immunol Allergy"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)49853-0","article-title":"Angiogenesis","volume":"267","author":"Folkman","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/s0014-5793(01)02897-6","article-title":"Diminished corneal angiogenesis in gelatinase A-deficient mice","volume":"508","author":"Kato","year":"2001","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.11.5.9141503","article-title":"Vascular development: cellular and molecular regulation","volume":"11","author":"Beck","year":"1997","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.11.003","article-title":"Antilymphangiogenic therapy to promote transplant survival and to reduce cancer metastasis: what can we learn from the eye","volume":"38","author":"Hos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903180","article-title":"Cutting edge: lymphatic vessels, not blood vessels, primarily mediate immune rejections after transplantation","volume":"184","author":"Dietrich","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.124","article-title":"Evidence of corneal lymphangiogenesis in dry eye disease: a potential link to adaptive immunity","volume":"128","author":"Goyal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16186","article-title":"Involvement of corneal lymphangiogenesis in a mouse model of allergic eye disease","volume":"56","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pathmechdis.3.121806.151515","article-title":"Molecular biology and pathology of lymphangiogenesis","volume":"3","author":"Karpanen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.17.4762","article-title":"Isolated lymphatic endothelial cells transduce growth, survival and migratory signals via the VEGF-C\/D receptor VEGFR-3","volume":"20","author":"Makinen","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI26354","article-title":"The crucial role of macrophages in lymphangiogenesis","volume":"115","author":"Kerjaschki","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8010","article-title":"The maintenance of lymphatic vessels in the cornea is dependent on the presence of macrophages","volume":"53","author":"Maruyama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B131","article-title":"Prevention of corneal allograft rejection in rats treated with subconjunctival injections of liposomes containing dichloromethylene diphosphonate","volume":"35","author":"Van der Veen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI23298","article-title":"Infiltration of COX-2-expressing macrophages is a prerequisite for IL-1 beta-induced neovascularization and tumor growth","volume":"115","author":"Nakao","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-12-257832","article-title":"Tissue macrophages act as cellular chaperones for vascular anastomosis downstream of VEGF-mediated endothelial tip cell induction","volume":"116","author":"Fantin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/465697a","article-title":"Blood-vessel formation: Bridges that guide and unite","author":"Schmidt","year":"7299","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091385","article-title":"VEGF-A expression by HSV-1-infected cells drives corneal lymphangiogenesis","volume":"207","author":"Wuest","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181930bcd","article-title":"Opposite roles of CCR2 and CX3CR1 macrophages in alkali-induced corneal neovascularization","volume":"28","author":"Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.4776","article-title":"Global Survey of Corneal Transplantation and Eye Banking","volume":"134","author":"Gain","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199906270-00001","article-title":"The immune privilege of corneal allografts","volume":"67","author":"Niederkorn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.07.001","article-title":"Immune reactions after modern lamellar (DALK, DSAEK, DMEK) versus conventional penetrating corneal transplantation","volume":"73","author":"Hos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog retinal eye Res"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.002","article-title":"Immune privilege in corneal transplantation","volume":"72","author":"Hori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog retinal eye Res"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32833dfa11","article-title":"High-risk corneal allografts and why they lose their immune privilege","volume":"10","author":"Niederkorn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2016.12.010","article-title":"Management of high-risk corneal transplantation","volume":"62","author":"Di Zazzo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Survey Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B143","article-title":"Loss and restoration of immune privilege in eyes with corneal neovascularization","volume":"37","author":"Dana","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B144","article-title":"Effect of macrophage depletion on immune effector mechanisms during corneal allograft rejection in rats","volume":"41","author":"Slegers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B145","article-title":"Changes in cytokine mRNA levels in experimental corneal allografts after local clodronate-liposome treatment","volume":"40","author":"Torres","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/0271-3683(200004)2041-5FT322","article-title":"Delayed graft rejection in pre-vascularised corneas after subconjunctival injection of clodronate liposomes","volume":"20","author":"Slegers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12650","article-title":"Analysis of macrophage phenotype in rejected corneal allografts","volume":"54","author":"Oh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.10129.x","article-title":"Depletion of antigen-presenting cells by clodronate liposomes reverses the psoriatic skin phenotype in KC-Tie2 mice","volume":"164","author":"Ward","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093555","article-title":"Depletion of cutaneous macrophages and dendritic cells promotes growth of basal cell carcinoma in mice","volume":"9","author":"Konig","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-007-9100-7","article-title":"Pharmacologic strategies in the prevention and treatment of corneal transplant rejection","volume":"28","author":"Tabbara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000178731.42187.46","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of corneal graft rejection: current practice patterns (2004)","volume":"25","author":"Randleman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.42","article-title":"Suppression of inflammatory corneal lymphangiogenesis by application of topical corticosteroids","volume":"129","author":"Hos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051270","article-title":"Topical VEGF-C\/D Inhibition Prevents Lymphatic Vessel Ingrowth into Cornea but Does Not Improve Corneal Graft Survival","volume":"9","author":"Salabarria","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14874","article-title":"UV light crosslinking regresses mature corneal blood and lymphatic vessels and promotes subsequent high-risk corneal transplant survival","volume":"18","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2545","article-title":"The lymphatic vasculature in disease","volume":"17","author":"Alitalo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.481","article-title":"A three-dimensional atlas of human dermal leukocytes, lymphatics, and blood vessels","volume":"134","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8079170","article-title":"Requirement of transcription factor PU.1 in the development of multiple hematopoietic lineages","author":"Scott","year":"5178","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.02.069","article-title":"Tissue Myeloid Progenitors Differentiate into Pericytes through TGF-beta Signaling in Developing Skin Vasculature","volume":"18","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.050021","article-title":"Macrophages define dermal lymphatic vessel calibre during development by regulating lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation","volume":"137","author":"Gordon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0056-9","article-title":"Perivascular macrophages in health and disease","volume":"18","author":"Lapenna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2769","article-title":"Perivascular macrophages mediate neutrophil recruitment during bacterial skin infection","volume":"15","author":"Abtin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2992","article-title":"Perivascular leukocyte clusters are essential for efficient activation of effector T cells in the skin","volume":"15","author":"Natsuaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.15251","article-title":"Pivotal role for skin transendothelial radio-resistant anti-inflammatory macrophages in tissue repair","volume":"5","author":"Barreiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proghi.2007.06.001","article-title":"Regulation of angiogenesis: wound healing as a model","volume":"42","author":"Eming","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07039","article-title":"Wound repair and regeneration","author":"Gurtner","year":"7193","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1115542109","article-title":"In vivo imaging of lymphatic vessels in development, wound healing, inflammation, and tumor metastasis","volume":"109","author":"Martinez-Corral","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903356","article-title":"Differential roles of macrophages in diverse phases of skin repair","volume":"184","author":"Lucas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.090248","article-title":"Selective and specific macrophage ablation is detrimental to wound healing in mice","volume":"175","author":"Mirza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081002","article-title":"A transgenic mouse model of inducible macrophage depletion: effects of diphtheria toxin-driven lysozyme M-specific cell lineage ablation on wound inflammatory, angiogenic, and contractive processes","volume":"175","author":"Goren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2007.00278.x","article-title":"Sustained expression of Hif-1alpha in the diabetic environment promotes angiogenesis and cutaneous wound repair","volume":"15","author":"Mace","year":"2007","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regener"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805230105","article-title":"Stabilization of HIF-1alpha is critical to improve wound healing in diabetic mice","volume":"105","author":"Botusan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21503","article-title":"Age-dependent impairment of HIF-1alpha expression in diabetic mice: Correction with electroporation-facilitated gene therapy increases wound healing, angiogenesis, and circulating angiogenic cells","volume":"217","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65S","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318191bdf4","article-title":"SDF-1 alpha expression during wound healing in the aged is HIF dependent","volume":"123","author":"Loh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906670106","article-title":"The molecular basis for impaired hypoxia-induced VEGF expression in diabetic tissues","volume":"106","author":"Thangarajah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A."},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800422","article-title":"Development of Inflammatory Hypoxia and Prevalence of Glycolytic Metabolism in Progressing Herpes Stromal Keratitis Lesions","volume":"202","author":"Rao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B176","article-title":"Inhibition of VEGF expression and corneal neovascularization by shRNA targeting HIF-1alpha in a mouse model of closed eye contact lens wear","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2004.09.026","article-title":"Loss of HIF-1alpha in endothelial cells disrupts a hypoxia-driven VEGF autocrine loop necessary for tumorigenesis","volume":"6","author":"Tang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.082370","article-title":"Loss of epidermal hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha accelerates epidermal aging and affects re-epithelialization in human and mouse","volume":"124","author":"Rezvani","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001699","article-title":"Fibroblast-Specific Deletion of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 Critically Impairs Murine Cutaneous Neovascularization and Wound Healing","volume":"136","author":"Duscher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(03)00154-5","article-title":"HIF-1alpha is essential for myeloid cell-mediated inflammation","volume":"112","author":"Cramer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.70.4.478","article-title":"Microenvironmental influence on macrophage regulation of angiogenesis in wounds and malignant tumors","volume":"70","author":"Crowther","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI84426","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factors: key regulators of myeloid cells during inflammation","volume":"126","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200001000-00020","article-title":"Early wound healing exhibits cytokine surge without evidence of hypoxia","volume":"231","author":"Haroon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.064","article-title":"Succinate Dehydrogenase Supports Metabolic Repurposing of Mitochondria to Drive Inflammatory Macrophages","volume":"167","author":"Mills","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1942","article-title":"Lymphatic endothelium-specific hyaluronan receptor LYVE-1 is expressed by stabilin-1+, F4\/80+, CD11b+ macrophages in malignant tumours and wound healing tissue in vivo and in bone marrow cultures in vitro: implications for the assessment of lymphangiogenesis","volume":"209","author":"Schledzewski","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060018","article-title":"Decreased macrophage number and activation lead to reduced lymphatic vessel formation and contribute to impaired diabetic wound healing","volume":"170","author":"Maruyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-09-176776","article-title":"Critical role of CD11b+ macrophages and VEGF in inflammatory lymphangiogenesis, antigen clearance, and inflammation resolution","volume":"113","author":"Kataru","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60113","article-title":"Immune cells control skin lymphatic electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure","volume":"123","author":"Wiig","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.02.003","article-title":"Cutaneous Na+ storage strengthens the antimicrobial barrier function of the skin and boosts macrophage-driven host defense","volume":"21","author":"Jantsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.667830\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T19:23:29Z","timestamp":1698866609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.667830\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"references-count":189,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2021.667830"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.667830","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"article-number":"667830"}}