{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:28:06Z","timestamp":1792294086042,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that is common among the global population, causing an enormous disease burden. EBV can directly cause infectious mononucleosis and is also associated with various malignancies and autoimmune diseases. In order to prevent primary infection and subsequent chronic disease, efforts have been made to develop a prophylactic vaccine against EBV in recent years, but there is still no vaccine in clinical use. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the global cooperation in vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 provide insights for next-generation antiviral vaccine design and opportunities for developing an effective prophylactic EBV vaccine. With improvements in antigen selection, vaccine platforms, formulation and evaluation systems, novel vaccines against EBV are expected to elicit dual protection against infection of both B lymphocytes and epithelial cells. This would provide sustainable immunity against EBV-associated malignancies, finally enabling the control of worldwide EBV infection and management of EBV-associated diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.677027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T06:00:17Z","timestamp":1623132017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["The Status and Prospects of Epstein\u2013Barr Virus Prophylactic Vaccine Development"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Cong","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin-feng","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mu-sheng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Cancer Virus: The Story of Epstein-Barr Virus","author":"Crawford","year":"2014"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70137-7","article-title":"Global Burden Of Cancers Attributable To Infections In 2008: A Review And Synthetic Analysis","volume":"13","author":"de Martel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-9-38","article-title":"Global Burden Of Deaths From Epstein-barr Virus Attributable Malignancies 1990-2010","volume":"9","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Agent Cancer"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107fs107","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002878","article-title":"Epstein-Barr Virus: An Important Vaccine Target For Cancer Prevention","volume":"3","author":"Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00318-7","article-title":"The Dispersal of Mucosal Memory B Cells: Evidence From Persistent EBV Infection","volume":"16","author":"Laichalk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis646","article-title":"Behavioral, Virologic, and Immunologic Factors Associated With Acquisition and Severity of Primary Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in University Students","volume":"207","author":"Balfour","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80622-6","article-title":"EBV Persistence in Memory B Cells In Vivo","volume":"9","author":"Babcock","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407320101","article-title":"Proteins of Purified Epstein-Barr Virus","volume":"101","author":"Johannsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2013.01.023","article-title":"Human Complement Receptor Type 1\/CD35 Is an Epstein-Barr Virus Receptor","volume":"3","author":"Ogembo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13557","article-title":"Structural Basis for Epstein-Barr Virus Host Cell Tropism Mediated by gp42 and gHgL entry glycoproteins","volume":"7","author":"Sathiyamoorthy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004309","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004309","article-title":"Assembly and Architecture of the EBV B Cell Entry Triggering Complex","volume":"10","author":"Sathiyamoorthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.14.4510","article-title":"Epstein-Barr Virus Receptor of Human B lymphocytes is the C3d Receptor CR2","volume":"81","author":"Fingeroth","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.61.5.1416-1420.1987","article-title":"Identification of gp350 as The Viral Glycoprotein Mediating Attachment of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to the EBV\/C3d Receptor of B Cells: Sequence Homology of gp350 and C3 Complement Fragment C3d","volume":"61","author":"Nemerow","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm830","article-title":"Epstein-Barr Virus Infection of Polarized Tongue and Nasopharyngeal Epithelial Cells","volume":"9","author":"Tugizov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907508106","article-title":"Fusion of Epithelial Cells by Epstein-Barr Virus Proteins is trIggered by Binding of Viral Glycoproteins gHgL to Integrins Alphavbeta6 or Alphavbeta8","volume":"106","author":"Chesnokova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1513359112","article-title":"Nonmuscle Myosin Heavy Chain IIA Mediates Epstein-Barr Virus Infection of Nasopharyngeal Epithelial Cells","volume":"112","author":"Xiong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-017-0081-7","article-title":"Ephrin Receptor A2 is a Functional Entry Receptor for Epstein-Barr Virus","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0155-1","article-title":"Ephrin Receptor A2 is an Epithelial Cell Receptor for Epstein-Barr Virus Entry","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6240","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7240","article-title":"Neuropilin 1 is an Entry Factor That Promotes EBV Infection of Nasopharyngeal Epithelial Cells","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.04.008","article-title":"Phase I\/II Studies To Evaluate Safety And Immunogenicity Of A Recombinant Gp350 Epstein-Barr Virus Vaccine In Healthy Adults","volume":"25","author":"Moutschen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/318287a0","article-title":"Protection Of Cottontop Tamarins Against Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Malignant Lymphoma By A Prototype Subunit Vaccine","volume":"318","author":"Epstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04070.x","article-title":"Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Induces Neutralising Antibodies in Rabbits Against Epstein-Barr Virus Membrane Antigen gp340","volume":"4","author":"Mackett","year":"1985","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B23","article-title":"Not all Potently Neutralizing, Vaccine-Induced Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus Ensure Protection of Susceptible Experimental Animals","volume":"63","author":"Epstein","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890250209","article-title":"Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Expressing Epstein-Barr Virus Glycoprotein gp340 Protects Cottontop Tamarins Against EB Virus-Induced Malignant Lymphomas","volume":"25","author":"Morgan","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-74-3-501","article-title":"Replication-Defective Recombinant Adenovirus Expressing the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Envelope Glycoprotein gp340\/220 Induces Protective Immunity Against EBV-Induced Lymphomas in the Cottontop Tamarin","volume":"74","author":"Ragot","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199611)50:3<263::AID-JMV9>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Immunisation of Common Marmosets With Vaccinia Virus Expressing Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) gp340 and Challenge with EBV","volume":"50","author":"Mackett","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)00248-5","article-title":"Expression of Epstein-Barr Virus gp350 as a Single Chain Glycoprotein for an EBV Subunit Vaccine","volume":"17","author":"Jackman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.10.024","article-title":"Identification of the Critical Attribute(s) of EBV gp350 Antigen Required for Elicitation of a Neutralizing Antibody Response In Vivo","volume":"33","author":"Servat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B29","article-title":"First EBV Vaccine Trial in Humans Using Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Expressing the Major Membrane Antigen","volume":"84","author":"Gu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dev Biol Stand"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/523813","article-title":"Recombinant gp350 Vaccine For Infectious Mononucleosis: A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of an Epstein-Barr Virus Vaccine in Healthy Young Adults","volume":"196","author":"Sokal","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181b9d918","article-title":"A Phase I Trial of Epstein-Barr Virus Gp350 Vaccine for Children With Chronic Kidney Disease Awaiting Transplantation","volume":"88","author":"Rees","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890130310","article-title":"Comparative Immunogenicity Studies on Epstein-Barr Virus Membrane Antigen (MA) gp340 With Novel Adjuvants in Mice, Rabbits, and Cotton-Top Tamarins","volume":"13","author":"Morgan","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(88)90509-0","article-title":"Antigenic Analysis of the Epstein-Barr Virus Major Membrane Antigen (gp350\/220) Expressed in Yeast and Mammalian Cells: Implications for the Development of a Subunit Vaccine","volume":"166","author":"Emini","year":"1988","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-69-8-2093","article-title":"Prevention of Epstein-Barr (EB) Virus-Induced Lymphoma in Cottontop Tamarins by Vaccination with the EB Virus Envelope Glycoprotein gp340 Incorporated Into Immune-Stimulating Complexes","volume":"69","author":"Morgan","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-73-2-449","article-title":"Protective Immunization Against Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Disease in Cottontop Tamarins Using the Virus Envelope Glycoprotein gp340 Produced From a Bovine Papillomavirus Expression Vector","volume":"73","author":"Finerty","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(94)90240-2","article-title":"Immunization of Cottontop Tamarins and Rabbits with a Candidate Vaccine Against the Epstein-Barr Virus Based on the Major Viral Envelope Glycoprotein gp340 and Alum","volume":"12","author":"Finerty","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00085-8","article-title":"Contrasting Epstein-Barr Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T Cell Responses to HLA A2-Restricted Epitopes in Humans and HLA Transgenic Mice: Implications for Vaccine Design","volume":"19","author":"Bharadwaj","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-10-3092","article-title":"Therapeutic LMP1 Polyepitope Vaccine for EBV-Associated Hodgkin Disease and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma","volume":"101","author":"J","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2009.54","article-title":"Immunotherapy of Epstein-Barr Virus Associated Malignancies Using Mycobacterial HSP70 and LMP2A356-364 Epitope Fusion Protein","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-08-1176","article-title":"Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Encoding Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Proteins Fused With Heat Shock Protein as a Potential Vaccine for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Pan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.07.063","article-title":"Reconstituted Complexes of Mycobacterial HSP70 and EBV LMP2A-Derived Peptides Elicit Peptide-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses and Anti-Tumor Immunity","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05598-11","article-title":"A Virus-Like Particle-Based Epstein-Barr Virus Vaccine","volume":"85","author":"Ruiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-011-4147-0","article-title":"Specific Cellular Immune Responses in Mice Immunized with DNA, Adeno-Associated Virus and Adenoviral Vaccines of Epstein-Barr Virus-LMP2 Alone or in Combination","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.04.071","article-title":"A Novel Tetrameric gp350 1-470 as a Potential Epstein-Barr Virus Vaccine","volume":"31","author":"Cui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01947-13","article-title":"Therapeutic Vaccination Against the Rhesus Lymphocryptovirus EBNA-1 Homologue, rhEBNA-1, Elicits T Cell Responses to Novel Epitopes in Rhesus Macaques","volume":"87","author":"Silveira","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-013-4967-x","article-title":"Expression, Purification, and Immunogenic Characterization of Epstein-Barr Virus Recombinant EBNA1 Protein in Pichia pastoris","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0415-2","article-title":"A Chimeric EBV gp350\/220-Based VLP Replicates the Virion B-Cell Attachment Mechanism and Elicits Long-Lasting Neutralizing Antibodies in Mice","volume":"13","author":"Ogembo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-14-0242","article-title":"The Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Protein BZLF1 as a Candidate Target Antigen for Vaccine Development","volume":"3","author":"Hartlage","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.043","article-title":"Rational Design of an Epstein-Barr Virus Vaccine Targeting the Receptor-Binding Site","volume":"162","author":"M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03269-14","article-title":"Peptides Designed To Spatially Depict the Epstein-Barr Virus Major Virion Glycoprotein gp350 Neutralization Epitope Elicit Antibodies That Block Virus-Neutralizing Antibody 72A1 Interaction with the Native gp350 Molecule","volume":"89","author":"Tanner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.06.021","article-title":"Rabbits immunized with Epstein-Barr virus gH\/gL or gB Recombinant Proteins Elicit Higher Serum Virus Neutralizing Activity Than gp350","volume":"34","author":"Cui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2015.29","article-title":"Chimerically Fused Antigen Rich of Overlapped Epitopes From Latent Membrane Protein 2 (LMP2) of Epstein-Barr Virus as a Potential Vaccine and Diagnostic Agent","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00932","article-title":"Immunization With Fc-Based Recombinant Epstein-Barr Virus gp350 Elicits Potent Neutralizing Humoral Immune Response in a BALB\/c Mice Model","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007464","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007464","article-title":"Immunogenic Particles With a Broad Antigenic Spectrum Stimulate Cytolytic T Cells and Offer Increased Protection Against EBV Infection Ex Vivo and in Mice","volume":"14","author":"van Zyl","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.010","article-title":"Immunization with Components of the Viral Fusion Apparatus Elicits Antibodies That Neutralize Epstein-Barr Virus in B Cells and Epithelial Cells","volume":"50","author":"Bu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8020169","article-title":"A Pentavalent Epstein-Barr Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Elicits High Titers of Neutralizing Antibodies Against Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Immunized Rabbits","volume":"8","author":"Escalante","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.42494","article-title":"A Novel Vaccine Candidate Based on Chimeric Virus-Like Particle Displaying Multiple Conserved Epitope Peptides Induced Neutralizing Antibodies Against EBV Infection","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B58","article-title":"Immunization with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Peptide-Pulsed Dendritic Cells Induces Functional CD8+T-Cell Immunity and May Lead to Tumor Regression in Patients with EBV-Positive Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma","volume":"62","author":"Lin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01409-07","article-title":"Phase I Trial of a CD8(+) T-Cell Peptide Epitope-Based Vaccine for Infectious Mononucleosis","volume":"82","author":"Elliott","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdr341","article-title":"A Phase II Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of an Adenovirus-\u0394LMP1-LMP2 Transduced Dendritic Cell Vaccine in Patients with Advanced Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma","volume":"23","author":"Chia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-2448","article-title":"Phase I Trial of Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara Encoding Epstein-Barr Viral Tumor Antigens in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients","volume":"73","author":"Hui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-1122-T","article-title":"A Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara Vaccine Encoding Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Target Antigens: A Phase I Trial in UK Patients with EBV-Positive Cancer","volume":"20","author":"Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.03.026","article-title":"An Antibody Targeting the Fusion Machinery Neutralizes Dual-Tropic Infection and Defines a Site of Vulnerability on Epstein-Barr Virus","volume":"48","author":"Snijder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0602-594","article-title":"Alternate Replication in B Cells and Epithelial Cells Switches Tropism of Epstein-Barr Virus","volume":"8","author":"Borza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00572-06","article-title":"Soluble Epstein-Barr Virus Glycoproteins gH, gL, and gp42 Form a 1:1:1 Stable Complex That Acts Like Soluble gp42 in B-cell Fusion But Not in Epithelial Cell Fusion","volume":"80","author":"Kirschner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3927","article-title":"Hemagglutinin-Stem Nanoparticles Generate Heterosubtypic Influenza Protection","volume":"21","author":"Yassine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3361","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05482-0","article-title":"Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Immunization Elicits Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Stalk-Specific Antibodies","volume":"9","author":"Pardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10938","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201910938","article-title":"Adeno-Associated Virus-Vectored Influenza Vaccine Elicits Neutralizing and Fc\u03b3 Receptor-Activating Antibodies","volume":"12","author":"Demminger","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13808","article-title":"Structure and Immune Recognition of Trimeric Pre-Fusion HIV-1 Env","volume":"514","author":"Pancera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4272","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12080-1","article-title":"Enhancing and Shaping the Immunogenicity of Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Trimers With a Two-Component Protein Nanoparticle","volume":"10","author":"Brouwer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002402","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002402","article-title":"Safety and Immunogenicity of rVSV\u0394G-ZEBOV-GP Ebola Vaccine in Adults and Children in Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon: A Phase I Randomised Trial","volume":"14","author":"Agnandji","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS Med"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30614-0","article-title":"Safety and Immunogenicity of a Highly Attenuated rVSVN4CT1-EBOVGP1 Ebola Virus Vaccine: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1 Clinical Trial","volume":"20","author":"Clarke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.03.007","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Status Report","volume":"52","author":"Amanat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00480-0","article-title":"Viral Targets for Vaccines Against COVID-19","volume":"21","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1456","article-title":"Viral Membrane Fusion","volume":"15","author":"Harrison","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.03.043","article-title":"Viral Membrane Fusion","author":"Harrison","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1243283","article-title":"Structure-Based Design of A Fusion Glycoprotein Vaccine for Respiratory Syncytial Virus","volume":"342","author":"McLellan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8143","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9143","article-title":"A Highly Stable Prefusion RSV F Vaccine Derived From Structural Analysis of the Fusion Mechanism","volume":"6","author":"Krarup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.046","article-title":"Induction of Potent Neutralizing Antibody Responses by a Designed Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine for Respiratory Syncytial Virus","volume":"176","author":"Marcandalli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd0826","article-title":"Structure-Based Design of Prefusion-Stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Spikes","volume":"369","author":"Hsieh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2622-0","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Design Enabled by Prototype Pathogen Preparedness","volume":"586","author":"Corbett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810530106","article-title":"Structure of a Trimeric Variant of the Epstein-Barr Virus Glycoprotein B","volume":"106","author":"Backovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2014.09.005","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles: A Platform for the Structure Determination of Membrane Proteins by Cryo-EM","volume":"22","author":"Zeev-Ben-Mordehai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007452","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007452","article-title":"Different Functional States of Fusion Protein gB Revealed on Human Cytomegalovirus by Cryo Electron Tomography With Volta Phase Plate","volume":"14","author":"Si","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0249-7","article-title":"Latency and Lytic Replication in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Oncogenesis","volume":"17","author":"C","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.171.1.345","article-title":"An Epstein-barr Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T Cell Epitope In Ebv Nuclear Antigen 3 (EBNA 3)","volume":"171","author":"Burrows","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.21.9478","article-title":"Nonresponsiveness to an Immunodominant Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitope in Nuclear Antigen 3A: Implications for Vaccine Strategies","volume":"88","author":"Schmidt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.65.7.3821-3828.1991","article-title":"Identification of Two T-Cell Epitopes on the Candidate Epstein-Barr Virus Vaccine Glycoprotein gp340 Recognized by CD4+ T-Cell Clones","volume":"65","author":"Wallace","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.1.157","article-title":"Identification of Target Antigens for the Human Cytotoxic T Cell Response to Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV): Implications for the Immune Control of EBV-Positive Malignancies","volume":"176","author":"Murray","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/375685a0","article-title":"Inhibition of Antigen Processing by the Internal Repeat Region of the Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen-1","volume":"375","author":"Levitskaya","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80397-0","article-title":"Human CD8+ T Cell Responses to EBV EBNA1: HLA Class I Presentation of the (Gly-Ala)-Containing Protein Requires Exogenous Processing","volume":"7","author":"Blake","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.71.10.7429-7435.1997","article-title":"Hierarchy of Epstein-Barr Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T-Cell Responses in Individuals Carrying Different Subtypes of an HLA Allele: Implications for Epitope-Based Antiviral Vaccines","volume":"71","author":"Khanna","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.405","article-title":"Human Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses to Epstein-Barr Virus Infection","volume":"15","author":"Rickinson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.54.1.19","article-title":"Role of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Epstein-Barr virus-Associated Diseases","volume":"54","author":"Khanna","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.8.1053","article-title":"Processing of a Multiple Membrane Spanning Epstein-Barr Virus Protein for CD8(+) T Cell Recognition Reveals a Proteasome-Dependent, Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing-Independent Pathway","volume":"194","author":"Lautscham","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-04-1240","article-title":"Tetramer-Assisted Identification and Characterization of Epitopes Recognized by HLA A*2402-Restricted Epstein-Barr Virus-Specific CD8+ T cells","volume":"101","author":"Kuzushima","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040191","article-title":"Endogenous Presentation of CD8+ T Cell Epitopes From Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded Nuclear Antigen 1","volume":"199","author":"Tellam","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine","volume":"383","author":"Polack","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2022483","article-title":"An mRNA Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 - Preliminary Report","volume":"383","author":"Jackson","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30942-7","article-title":"Safety and Immunogenicity of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine, BBV152: A Double-Blind, Randomised, Phase 1 Trial","volume":"21","author":"Ella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.07.08.193045","article-title":"A Single-Dose Live-Attenuated YF17D-Vectored SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Candidate","volume":"590","author":"Sanchez-Felipe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00352-y","article-title":"A Systematic Review of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Candidates","volume":"5","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(03)00208-7","article-title":"Virus-Like Particles As Immunogens","volume":"11","author":"Noad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.12.7641-7647.2005","article-title":"Defective Infectious Particles And Rare Packaged Genomes Produced By Cells Carrying Terminal-Repeat-Negative Epstein-Barr Virus","volume":"79","author":"Feederle","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302714","article-title":"Genetic Design of an Optimized Packaging Cell Line For Gene Vectors Transducing Human B Cells","volume":"13","author":"Hettich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02436-07","article-title":"Deletion of Epstein-Barr Virus BFLF2 Leads to Impaired Viral DNA Packaging And Primary Egress as Well as to the Production of Defective Viral Particles","volume":"82","author":"Granato","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02533-12","article-title":"An Epstein-Barr Virus Mutant Produces Immunogenic Defective Particles Devoid of Viral DNA","volume":"87","author":"Pavlova","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2016.05.014","article-title":"Viral vEctors as Vaccine Platforms: From Immunogenicity to Impact","volume":"41","author":"Ewer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2011.07.009","article-title":"Viruses - From Pathogens to Vaccine Carriers","volume":"1","author":"Small","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI125364","article-title":"Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination Protects Against EBV Antigen-Expressing Lymphomas","volume":"129","author":"Ruhl","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.2.768-778.2004","article-title":"Dual stimulation of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Specific CD4+- and CD8+-T-Cell Responses by a Chimeric Antigen Construct: Potential Therapeutic Vaccine for EBV-Positive Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma","volume":"78","author":"Taylor","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.51.5304","article-title":"Sustained Complete Responses in Patients with Lymphoma Receiving Autologous Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Targeting Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Proteins","volume":"32","author":"Bollard","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-05-1514","article-title":"Generating CTLs Against the Subdominant Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 Antigen for the Adoptive Immunotherapy of EBV-Associated Malignancies","volume":"101","author":"Gottschalk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.11.3896","article-title":"Varicella-Zoster Virus as a Live Vector for the Expression of Foreign Genes","volume":"84","author":"Lowe","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.04.060","article-title":"Unique Safety Issues Associated with Virus-Vectored Vaccines: Potential for and Theoretical Consequences of Recombination with Wild Type Virus Strains","volume":"34","author":"Condit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0243-3","article-title":"Novel Vaccine Technologies for the 21st Century","volume":"20","author":"Mascola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2010.06.010","article-title":"Computational Design of Epitope-Scaffolds Allows Induction of Antibodies Specific for a Poorly Immunogenic HIV Vaccine Epitope","volume":"18","author":"Correia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1004728107","article-title":"Elicitation of Structure-Specific Antibodies by Epitope Scaffolds","volume":"107","author":"Ofek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.01.113","article-title":"Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Fc Fusion Protein Confers Protection Against Lethal Challenge In Vaccinated Mice","volume":"29","author":"Konduru","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2011.10.003","article-title":"Computational Design of High-Affinity Epitope Scaffolds by Backbone Grafting of a Linear Epitope","volume":"415","author":"Azoitei","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12966","article-title":"Proof of Principle for Epitope-Focused Vaccine Design","volume":"507","author":"Correia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaay5051","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay5051","article-title":"De Novo Protein Design Enables the Precise Induction of RSV-Neutralizing Antibodies","volume":"368","author":"Sesterhenn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2017.03.005","article-title":"Biotechnology Approaches to Produce Potent, Self-Adjuvanting Antigen-Adjuvant Fusion Protein Subunit Vaccines","volume":"35","author":"Moyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7020044","article-title":"Novel Synthetic DNA Immunogens Targeting Latent Expressed Antigens of Epstein-Barr Virus Elicit Potent Cellular Responses and Inhibit Tumor Growth","volume":"7","author":"Wojtak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1681","article-title":"The Perfect Mix: Recent Progress in Adjuvant Research","volume":"5","author":"Guy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.11.21","article-title":"Trends in vaccine adjuvants","volume":"10","author":"Schijns","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2008.09.006","article-title":"New Horizons in Adjuvants for Vaccine Development","volume":"30","author":"Reed","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2010.04.004","article-title":"New Adjuvants for Human Vaccines","volume":"22","author":"Mbow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2018.10.004","article-title":"Applications of Immunomodulatory Immune Synergies to Adjuvant Discovery and Vaccine Development","volume":"37","author":"Tom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabe8065","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe8065","article-title":"Immunogenicity of Clinically Relevant SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Non-Human Primates and Humans","volume":"7","author":"Klasse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy095","article-title":"Immune Responses to a Recombinant Glycoprotein E Herpes Zoster Vaccine in Adults Aged 50 Years or Older","volume":"217","author":"Cunningham","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2019.02.009","article-title":"Understanding the Immunology of Shingrix, a Recombinant Glycoprotein E Adjuvanted Herpes Zoster Vaccine","volume":"59","author":"Heineman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2011.07.007","article-title":"Paradigm Shifting Vaccines: Prophylactic Vaccines Against Latent Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection and Against HPV-Associated Cancer","volume":"1","author":"Frazer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5987-2_9","article-title":"TLR Agonists as Adjuvants for Cancer Vaccines","volume":"1024","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02275-2","article-title":"A Novel TLR7 Agonist as Adjuvant to Stimulate High Quality HBsAg-Specific Immune Responses in an HBV Mouse Model","volume":"18","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2019.04.008","article-title":"Toll-Like Receptor Agonists as Adjuvants For Inactivated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Vaccine","volume":"212","author":"Vreman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2012_208","article-title":"Animal Challenge Models of Henipavirus Infection and Pathogenesis","volume":"359","author":"Geisbert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.12.032","article-title":"The SARS-CoV Ferret Model in an Infection-Challenge Study","volume":"374","author":"Chu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-00403-2","article-title":"Genetically Modified Mouse Models to Help Fight COVID-19","volume":"15","author":"Gurumurthy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2911","article-title":"Animal Models for HIV\/AIDS Research","volume":"10","author":"Hatziioannou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113869","article-title":"Animal Models Used in Hepatitis C Virus Research","volume":"21","author":"Berggren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2015.03.014","article-title":"Animal Models of Epstein Barr Virus Infection","volume":"13","author":"Gujer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2014.04.009","article-title":"Animal Models of Epstein Barr Virus Infection","volume":"410","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.581419","article-title":"Probing Reconstituted Human Immune Systems in Mice With Oncogenic gamma-Herpesvirus Infections","volume":"11","author":"Munz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2013.03.003","article-title":"Nonhuman Primate Models for Epstein-Barr Virus Infection","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/150.6.878","article-title":"Infectious Mononucleosis-Like Response in Common Marmosets Infected with Epstein-Barr Virus","volume":"150","author":"Wedderburn","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.145.4.948","article-title":"Lymphoma in Cotton-Top Marmosets After Inoculation with Epstein-Barr Virus: Tumor Incidence, Histologic Spectrum Antibody Responses, Demonstration of vIral DNA, and Characterization of Viruses","volume":"145","author":"Miller","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B148","unstructured":""},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0005-7","article-title":"Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Viral Infections","volume":"18","author":"Estes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.4.3205-3212.1998","article-title":"Infection of Human B Lymphocytes with Lymphocryptoviruses Related to Epstein-Barr Virus","volume":"72","author":"Moghaddam","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03744-13","article-title":"Adenovirus-Based Vaccines Against Rhesus Lymphocryptovirus EBNA-1 Induce Expansion of Specific CD8+ and CD4+ T Cells in Persistently Infected Rhesus Macaques","volume":"88","author":"Leskowitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00852-13","article-title":"CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cell Responses to Latent Antigen EBNA-1 and Lytic Antigen BZLF-1 During Persistent Lymphocryptovirus Infection of Rhesus Macaques","volume":"87","author":"Leskowitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-01-0342","article-title":"Experimental Rhesus Lymphocryptovirus Infection in Immunosuppressed Macaques: An Animal Model for Epstein-Barr Virus Pathogenesis in the Immunosuppressed Host","volume":"104","author":"Rivailler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093933","article-title":"Development of a Human Adaptive Immune System in Cord Blood Cell-Transplanted Mice","volume":"304","author":"Traggiai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2020.100033","article-title":"Neutralizing Antibodies Protect Against Oral Transmission of Lymphocryptovirus","volume":"1","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.04.012","article-title":"Identification of GLA\/SE as an Effective Adjuvant for the Induction of Robust Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to EBV-gp350 in Mice and Rabbits","volume":"34","author":"Heeke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21597","article-title":"Epstein-Barr Virus Can Infect Rabbits by the Intranasal or Peroral Route: An Animal Model for Natural Primary EBV Infection in Humans","volume":"82","author":"Okuno","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21102","article-title":"A New Animal Model for Primary and Persistent Epstein-Barr Virus Infection: Human EBV-Infected Rabbit Characteristics Determined Using Sequential Imaging and Pathological Analysis","volume":"80","author":"Takashima","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1159\/000318882","article-title":"In vitro Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Model of Rabbit Lymphocytes From Peripheral Blood or Spleen","volume":"54","author":"Kanai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-017-0859-5","article-title":"A study of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in the Chinese Tree Shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.033","article-title":"Tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) as a Novel Laboratory Disease Animal Model","volume":"38","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zool Res"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.4.4.5751","article-title":"Protective Immunity Following Vaccination: How Is it Defined","volume":"4","author":"Amanna","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182367662","article-title":"Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Titers as a Correlate of Protection for Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Children","volume":"30","author":"Black","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit166","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Anti-Rotavirus Serum IgA Antibody Titer as a Potential Correlate of Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy","volume":"208","author":"Patel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12503","article-title":"Systems Serology for Evaluation of HIV Vaccine Trials","volume":"275","author":"Ackerman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a038596","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a038596","article-title":"Systems Biological Analysis of Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination","author":"Cortese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-2299","article-title":"High Levels of Antibody that Neutralize B-cell Infection of Epstein-Barr Virus and that Bind EBV gp350 Are Associated with a Lower Risk of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Coghill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00901","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00901-20","article-title":"Association Between Antibody Responses to Epstein-Barr Virus Glycoproteins, Neutralization of Infectivity, and the Risk of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma","volume":"5","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2016.153","article-title":"Immunotherapy Against Cancer-Related Viruses","volume":"27","author":"Tashiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c16-00114","article-title":"The Safety and Immunological Effects of rAd5-EBV-LMP2 Vaccine in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients: A Phase I Clinical Trial and Two-Year Follow-Up","volume":"64","author":"Si","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem Pharm Bull"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02193","article-title":"The T-cell Response to Epstein-Barr Virus-New Tricks From an Old Dog","volume":"10","author":"Long","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22834-1_11","article-title":"T-Cell Responses to EBV","volume":"391","author":"Hislop","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.677027\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T06:00:24Z","timestamp":1623132024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.677027\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"references-count":172,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2021.677027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.677027","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"article-number":"677027"}}