{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T12:11:26Z","timestamp":1784117486891,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic> is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes severe economic loss to husbandry and poses a threat to human health. The <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic> A19 live vaccine has been extensively used to prevent bovine brucellosis in China. However, it is difficult to distinguish the serological response induced by A19 from that induced by natural infection. In this study, a novel genetically marked vaccine, A19\u0394virB12, was generated and evaluated. The results indicated that A19\u0394virB12 was able to provide effective protection against <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic> 2308 (S2308) challenge in mice. Furthermore, the safety and protective\u00a0efficacy of A19\u0394virB12 have been confirmed in natural host cattle. Additionally, the VirB12 protein allowed for serological differentiation between the S2308 challenge\/natural infection and A19\u0394virB12 vaccination. However, previous studies have found that the accuracy of the serological detection based on VirB12 needs to be improved. Therefore, we attempted to identify potential supplementary antigens with differential diagnostic functions by combining label-free quantitative proteomics and protein chip technology. Twenty-six proteins identified only in S2308 were screened; among them, five proteins were considered as potential supplementary antigens. Thus, the accuracy of the differential diagnosis between A19\u0394virB12 immunization and field infection may be improved through multi-antigen detection. In addition, we explored the possible attenuation factors of <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> vaccine strain. Nine virulence factors were downregulated in A19\u0394virB12. The downregulation pathways of A19\u0394virB12 were significantly enriched in quorum sensing, ATP-binding cassette transporter, and metabolism. Several proteins related to cell division were significantly downregulated, while some proteins involved in transcription were upregulated in S2308. In conclusion, our results\u00a0contribute to the control and eradication of brucellosis and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the attenuation of A19\u0394virB12.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.679560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T06:00:07Z","timestamp":1623045607000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis of a Genetic Marked Brucella Vaccine A19\u0394virB12 for 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