{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:55:50Z","timestamp":1753890950296,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007479","name":"Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Padova e Rovigo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007479","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serology could help to define the real extent of SARS-CoV-2 diffusion, especially in individuals considered at higher risk of COVID-19, such as spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients undergoing immunosuppressant. Our aim was to detect, by serology, previous SARS-CoV-2 contact in SpA, compared to health care workers (HCW), and healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sera from consecutive patients affected by SpA undergoing cytokine-targeted therapy, HCW and healthy controls from 2015 were analysed through chemiluminescent analytical system for the presence of IgG and IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2. Positive patients (IgM or IgG, or both) additionally underwent real-time Polymerase-Chain-Reaction (RT-PCR) to test for active infection. Serology was repeated at 3-months in SpA. Data across 3 groups were compared by Kruskal Wallis\/Chi-square, and between 2 groups by Wilcoxon rank test\/Chi-Square. P \u2264 0.05 were considered significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>200 SpA, 95 HCW and 101 controls were recruited. Positive serology was found in 25(12.5%) SpA, 8(8.4%) HCW, 0(0%) controls (p=0.001). SpA patients with positive serology more frequently reported COVID-19-like symptoms than those with negative serology (20% <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 4%, p=0.009) and 2 had COVID-19 as confirmed by RT-PCR, non severe. No HCW reported symptoms or had positive RT-PCR. In SpA patients, at 3 months, mean IgM titres decreased from 2.76 \u00b1 2.93 to 2.38 \u00b1 2.95 (p=0.001), while IgG titres from 0.89 \u00b1 3.25 to 0.31 \u00b1 0.87 (p=ns).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serology revealed that exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in SpA patients and HCW was higher than expected based on reported symptoms. In SpA, anti-cytokine therapy could act as a protective factor for a severe disease course. However, a seroconversion was not observed at 3-months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.682850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T11:08:22Z","timestamp":1623409702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Spondyloarthritis Patients Treated With Biotechnological Drugs: A Study on Serology"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Augusta","family":"Ortolan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariagrazia","family":"Lorenzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Cosma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Cozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Padoan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Doria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Plebani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Ramonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2020.0284","article-title":"COVID-19 and Rheumatology: Is Shielding Really Necessary","volume":"81","author":"Amani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217424","article-title":"Clinical Course of COVID-19 in a Series of Patients With Chronic Arthritis Treated With Immunosuppressive Targeted Therapies","volume":"79","author":"Monti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102567","article-title":"Should We Suppress or Stimulate Immune Responses for Covid-19? 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