{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T05:30:57Z","timestamp":1788845457088,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CM19\/00069, PI17\/00115, PI20\/00164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CM19\/00069, PI17\/00115, PI20\/00164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective procedure against <jats:italic>Clostridioides difficile<\/jats:italic> infection (CDI), with promising but still suboptimal performance in other diseases, such as ulcerative colitis (UC). The recipient\u2019s mucosal immune response against the donor\u2019s microbiota could be relevant factor in the effectiveness of FMT. Our aim was to design and validate an individualized immune-based test to optimize the fecal donor selection for FMT. First, we performed an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> validation of the test by co-culturing lymphocytes obtained from the small intestine mucosa of organ donor cadavers (n=7) and microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) obtained from the feces of 19 healthy donors. The inflammatory response was determined by interleukin supernatant quantification using the Cytometric Bead Array kit (B&amp;amp;D). We then conducted a clinical pilot study with 4 patients with UC using immunocompetent cells extracted from rectal biopsies and MAMPs from 3 donor candidates. We employed the test results to guide donor selection for FMT, which was performed by colonoscopy followed by 4 booster instillations by enema in the following month. The microbiome engraftment was assessed by 16S rDNA massive sequencing in feces, and the patients were clinically followed-up for 16 weeks. The results demonstrated that IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1\u00df were the most variable markers, although we observed a general tolerance to the microbial insults. Clinical and colonoscopy remission of the patients with UC was not achieved after 16 weeks, although FMT provoked enrichment of the <jats:italic>Bacteroidota<\/jats:italic> phylum and <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic> genus, with a decrease in the <jats:italic>Actinobacteriota<\/jats:italic> phylum and <jats:italic>Agathobacter<\/jats:italic> genus. The most relevant result was the lack of <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic> engraftment in UC. In summary, the clinical success of FMT in patients with UC appears not to be influenced by donor selection based on the explored recipient\u2019s local immunological response to FMT, suggesting that this approach would not be valid for FMT fecal donor optimization in such patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.683387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T08:36:38Z","timestamp":1622795798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["An Immunologic Compatibility Testing Was Not Useful for Donor Selection in Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Ulcerative Colitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Manuel","family":"Ponce-Alonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlota","family":"Garc\u00eda-Hoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Halperin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Nu\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Nicol\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Mart\u00ednez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Oca\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan 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