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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic, incurable condition characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling, perivascular inflammation, and right heart failure. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) stave off autoimmunity, and there is increasing evidence for their compromised activity in the inflammatory milieu of PAH. Abnormal Treg function is strongly correlated with a predisposition to PAH in animals and patients. Athymic Treg-depleted rats treated with SU5416, an agent causing pulmonary vascular injury, develop PAH, which is prevented by infusing missing CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>FOXP3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Tregs. Abnormal Treg activity may also explain why PAH disproportionately affects women more than men. 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