{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:53:22Z","timestamp":1790502802941,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the ability of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) to increase the life expectancy of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), viral reservoirs persist during life-long treatment. Notably, two cases of functional cure for HIV have been reported and are known as the \u201cBerlin Patient\u201d and the \u201cLondon Patient\u201d. Both patients received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from donors with homozygous <jats:italic>CCR5<\/jats:italic> delta<jats:italic>32<\/jats:italic> mutation for an associated hematological malignancy. Therefore, there is growing interest in creating an HIV-resistant immune system through the use of gene-modified autologous hematopoietic stem cells with non-functional <jats:italic>CCR5<\/jats:italic>. Moreover, studies in <jats:italic>CXCR4<\/jats:italic>-targeted gene therapy for HIV have also shown great promise. Developing a cure for HIV infection remains a high priority. In this review, we discuss the increasing progress of coreceptor-based hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy, cART, milder conditioning regimens, and shock and kill strategies that have important implications for designing potential strategies aiming to achieve a functional cure for the majority of people with HIV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.688747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T04:25:20Z","timestamp":1622089520000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Knowledge From London and Berlin: Finding Threads to a Functional HIV 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