{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:45:35Z","timestamp":1791477935980,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with primary humoral immunodeficiency are more prone to invasive as well as recurrent pneumococcal infections. Therefore, anti-pneumococcal vaccination including the 13-valent conjugate vaccine is recommended. Nevertheless, to date, no data is available on immunogenicity of this vaccine in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the immunogenicity and the persistence of protection up to one year after a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in patients with primary humoral immunodeficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-nine patients with common variable immunodeficiency or IgG subclass deficiency were vaccinated. Immune response and immune protection at baseline as well as at one, six and twelve months after vaccination were evaluated by measuring specific IgG serum concentrations (ELISA), and opsonophagocytic activities directed against selected pneumococcal (MOPA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By ELISA, half of the patients had protective IgG concentrations before vaccination, 35.7% showed an immune response one month after vaccination, 71.4%, 66.7% and 56.0% of the patients were protected at one, six and twelve months respectively. Conversely, by MOPA, 3.4% of the patients were protected at baseline, 10.7% showed an immune response and 28.6%, 48.2% and 33.3% were protected at one, six and twelve months respectively. IgG subclass deficiency, Ig replacement therapy and higher IgG2 concentrations at diagnosis were associated with long-term protection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine improves immune protection and antibodies\u2019 functionality in a subset of patients with primary immunodeficiency. Prime-boost vaccine strategy needs to be better and individually adapted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.697128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T03:46:32Z","timestamp":1625456792000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Elicits Serological Response and Lasting Protection in Selected Patients With Primary Humoral Immunodeficiency"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ailsa","family":"Robbins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathilde","family":"Bahuaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Hentzien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quentin","family":"Maestraggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coralie","family":"Barbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Giusti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Le Naour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Batteux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Servettaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Pneumonia"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30165-1","article-title":"Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Incidence in Children and Adults in France During the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis of Data From a 17-Year National Prospective Surveillance Study","volume":"21","author":"Ouldali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-017-0900-z","article-title":"Costs Associated With Community Acquired Pneumonia in France","volume":"19","author":"Saba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Health Econ"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14789450.2015.1108844","article-title":"Streptococcus Pneumoniae Proteomics: Determinants of Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development","volume":"12","author":"Bittaye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Proteomics"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-017-0464-9","article-title":"International Union of Immunological Societies: 2017 Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Committee Report on Inborn Errors of Immunity","volume":"38","author":"Picard","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2010.02.021","article-title":"The French National Registry of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases","volume":"135","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Orlando Fla"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-018-0941-0","article-title":"The Burden of Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders: A Retrospective Analysis of the European Society for Immunodeficiency (ESID) Registry Data","volume":"13","author":"Odnoletkova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"Vaccination Des Personnes Immunod\u00e9prim\u00e9es Ou Aspl\u00e9niques. Recommandations Actualis\u00e9es","year":"2014"},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"Altered Immunocompetence Guidelines for Immunizations | Recommendations | CDC2019"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.09.012","article-title":"Vaccination in Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders","volume":"4","author":"Sobh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2007.04.011","article-title":"Active Vaccination in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)","volume":"124","author":"Goldacker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01862","article-title":"Value of the Overall Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Response in the Diagnosis of Primary Humoral Immunodeficiencies","volume":"8","author":"Lopez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.11.001","article-title":"Consistency of Protective Antibody Levels Across Lots of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Preparations","volume":"121","author":"Lejtenyi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2014.08.027","article-title":"IgG Levels Against 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Serotypes in non Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Immunized Healthy Japanese and Intravenous Immunoglobulin Preparations","volume":"20","author":"Takahashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13869","article-title":"Functional Antibodies to Haemophilus Influenzae Type B, Neisseria Meningitidis, and Streptococcus Pneumoniae Contained in Intravenous Immunoglobulin Products","volume":"57","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transfusion (Paris)"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.12.1077","article-title":"Clinical Picture and Treatment of 2212 Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency","volume":"134","author":"Gathmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-06-091744","article-title":"The Euroclass Trial: Defining Subgroups in Common Variable Immunodeficiency","volume":"111","author":"Wehr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B18","unstructured":"Service d\u2019Immunologie Biologique H\u00f4pital Cochin"},{"key":"B19","unstructured":"Uab Bacterial1 Respiratory Pathogen Reference Laboratory"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2017.e00441","article-title":"Immunogenicity and Persistence of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) in Patients With Untreated Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (SMM): A Pilot Study","volume":"3","author":"Bahuaud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00086-12","article-title":"Development of a Fourfold Multiplexed Opsonophagocytosis Assay for Pneumococcal Antibodies Against Additional Serotypes and Discovery of Serological Subtypes in Streptococcus Pneumoniae Serotype 20","volume":"19","author":"Burton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00172-14","article-title":"Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Double-Blind Trial of the Correlation of Functional and Binding Antibody Responses Elicited by 13-Valent and 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines and Association With Nasopharyngeal Colonization. Staats HF, Editor","volume":"21","author":"Juergens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32076","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32076","article-title":"Immunological Efficacy of Pneumococcal Vaccine Strategies in HIV-Infected Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"6","author":"Sadlier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212789","article-title":"Impaired Long-Term Immune Protection Following Pneumococcal 13-Valent\/23-Valent Polysaccharide Vaccine in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)","volume":"77","author":"Sacre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plabm.2016.02.004","article-title":"Concentration of Anti-Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide IgM, IgG and IgA Specific Antibodies in Adult Blood Donors","volume":"5","author":"Parker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pract Lab Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.097","article-title":"The Pneumocell-Study: Vaccination of IgG1- and IgG2-Deficient Patients With Prevnar13","volume":"35","author":"Zangenah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.5.2366-2370.1999","article-title":"Avidity as a Determinant of the Protective Efficacy of Human Antibodies to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharides","volume":"67","author":"Usinger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.11.8","article-title":"Hyporesponsiveness and its Clinical Implications After Vaccination With Polysaccharide or Glycoconjugate Vaccines","volume":"10","author":"Poolman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.05.088","article-title":"Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Induced Igg and Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Pneumococci: Hyporesponsiveness and Immune Correlates of Protection for Carriage","volume":"35","author":"Ojal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0156523","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156523","article-title":"Immunogenicity and Safety of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Versus the 23-Valent Polysaccharide Vaccine in Unvaccinated HIV-Infected Adults: A Pilot, Prospective Controlled Study","volume":"11","author":"Lombardi","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.04.012","article-title":"Immunogenity of the Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in COPD Patients. The Effect of Systemic Steroids","volume":"98","author":"de Roux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix419","article-title":"Immunogenicity of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Older Adults With and Without Comorbidities in the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA)","volume":"65","author":"Van Deursen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.08.065","article-title":"Serum IgG2 Levels Predict Long-Term Protection Following Pneumococcal Vaccination in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)","volume":"38","author":"Gerard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B34","article-title":"IgG2 Subclass Restriction of Antibody to Pneumococcal Polysaccharides","volume":"63","author":"Barrett","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7010018","article-title":"Complementary Role of CD4+ T Cells in Response to Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines in Humans","volume":"7","author":"Jha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01851","article-title":"A Sample-Sparing Multiplexed ADCP Assay","volume":"10","author":"Butler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2019.07.002","article-title":"A High-Throughput, Bead-Based, Antigen-Specific Assay to Assess the Ability of Antibodies to Induce Complement Activation","volume":"473","author":"Fischinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1010","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1010","article-title":"Vaccinating for Natural Killer Cell Effector Functions","volume":"7","author":"Wagstaffe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Transl Immunol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00123","article-title":"FHL2 Regulates Natural Killer Cell Development and Activation During Streptococcus Pneumoniae Infection","volume":"8","author":"Baranek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.697128\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T03:46:39Z","timestamp":1625456799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.697128\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2021.697128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.697128","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"article-number":"697128"}}