{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T06:01:56Z","timestamp":1790488916458,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment for allergic disorders that induces immunological tolerance through administration of specific allergens. Studies on AIT for subcutaneous route are in abundance; however, the efficacy of AIT in tablet form through sublingual route has not been well elucidated. The present prospective, parallel-group, controlled study sought to compare the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) tablets with pharmacotherapy (PT) in 332 house dust mite (HDM)-specific allergic asthma and\/or rhinitis patients over a period of 3 years. Patients were followed up for a 6-month run-in period and then randomly stratified as those who would receive SLIT, SLIT in addition to PT (SLIT+PT), and PT alone. AIT was administered in the form of sublingual tablets. Symptom and medication scores were measured every 3 months. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> evaluation of serum total and HDM specific immunoglobulin E (HDM sIgE) levels was carried out every 3 months, whereas <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> skin prick test was performed annually for 3 years. Our study demonstrated sustained clinical improvement, reduction in inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose and duration as well as prevention from development of neosensitization to other aero allergens in HDM-allergic asthmatics and\/or rhinitis patients treated with 3 years SLIT. Despite a remarkable clinical improvement with AIT, we observed that SLIT did not significantly change the skin reactivity to HDM at 3 years and there was no significant change in the ratio of serum total and HDM sIgE. Given the immune and disease modifying effects of AIT in allergic diseases, the present study supports the notion of its sublingual mode being an effective long-term immunomodulator in HDM-sensitized nasobronchial allergies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.723814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T18:25:54Z","timestamp":1634149554000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Effectiveness of Sublingual Immunotherapy in the Treatment of HDM-Induced Nasobronchial Allergies: A 3-Year Randomized Case-Control Study From Kashmir"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shahid M.","family":"Baba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roohi","family":"Rasool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaz","family":"Gull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taha A.","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afaq H.","family":"Beigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qurteeba","family":"Qadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zafar A.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra054308","article-title":"The Asthma Epidemic","volume":"355","author":"Eder","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.12.1106","article-title":"Allergy-Related Outcomes in Relation to Serum IgE: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006","volume":"127","author":"Salo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(89)90128-0","article-title":"Dust Mite Allergens and Asthma-a Worldwide Problem","volume":"83","author":"Platts-Mills","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2006.01293.x","article-title":"Geographical Variation in the Prevalence of Positive Skin Tests to Environmental Aeroallergens in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey I","volume":"62","author":"Bousquet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001563.pub3","article-title":"House Dust Mite Avoidance Measures for Perennial Allergic Rhinitis","volume":"7","author":"Sheikh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001187.pub2","article-title":"House Dust Mite Control Measures for Asthma","volume":"2","author":"G\u00f8tzsche","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.06.047","article-title":"Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Guidelines: 2010 Revision","volume":"126","author":"Brozek","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288e1283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.01.049","article-title":"Update on Allergy Immunotherapy: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology\/European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology\/PRACTALL Consensus Report","volume":"131","author":"Burks","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2016.8.3.191","article-title":"Allergen Immunotherapy: Past, Present, and Future","volume":"8","author":"Jutel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-013-0412-6","article-title":"Preventing Progression of Allergic Rhinitis to Asthma","volume":"14","author":"Morjaria","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2016.8.5.421","article-title":"Systemic Reactions to Dust Mite Subcutaneous Immunotherapy: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study","volume":"8","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"key":"B12","volume-title":"Guideline on the Clinical Development on Products for Specific Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Allergic Diseases. 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