{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T19:11:19Z","timestamp":1780773079604,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infiltrating B and T cells have been observed in several tumor tissues, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The majority known PDAC risk factors point to a chronic inflammatory process leading to different forms of immunological infiltration. Understanding pancreatic tumor infiltration may lead to improved knowledge of this devastating disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We extracted the immunoglobulins (IGs) and T cell receptors (TCRs) from RNA-sequencing of 144 PDAC from TCGA and 180 pancreatic normal tissue from GTEx. We used Shannon entropy to find differences in IG\/TCR diversity. We performed a clonotype analysis considering the IG clone definition (same V and J segments, same CDR3 length, and 90% nucleotide identity between CDR3s) to study differences among the tumor samples. Finally, we performed an association analysis to find host and tumor factors associated with the IG\/TCR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PDAC presented a richer and more diverse IG and TCR infiltration than normal pancreatic tissue. A higher IG infiltration was present in heavy smokers and females and it was associated with better overall survival. In addition, specific IG clonotypes classified samples with better prognosis explaining 24% of the prognosis phenotypic variance. On the other hand, a larger TCR infiltration was present in patients with previous history of diabetes and was associated with lower nonantigen load.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings support PDAC subtyping according to its immune repertoire landscape with a potential impact on the understanding of the inflammatory basis of PDAC risk factors as well as the design of treatment options and prognosis monitoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.730746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T07:25:56Z","timestamp":1632381956000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Tumor-Infiltrating B- and T-Cell Repertoire in Pancreatic Cancer Associated With Host and Tumor 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