{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T13:52:43Z","timestamp":1793713963290,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008273","name":"Novartis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013236","name":"MSD Life Science Foundation, Public Interest Incorporated Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013236","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008319","name":"Fondation Arthritis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    To identify the targets recognized by anti-carbamylated protein antibodies (anti-CarP) in patients with early Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), to study the cross-reactivity between anti-CarP and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and to evaluate their prognostic value. 331 patients (184 RA and 147 other rheumatisms) from the Very Early Arthritis (VErA) French cohort were analyzed. We performed mass spectrometry analysis of RA sera displaying anti-CarP activity and epitope mapping of the carbamylated fibrinogen \u03b3 chain to identify immunodominant peptides. The specificity of these targets was studied using competition assays with the major antigens recognized by ACPA. The prognostic value of anti-carbamylated fibrinogen IgG antibodies (ACa-Fib IgG) was compared to that of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) and anti-CarP using an in-house ELISA. Besides the \u03b1 chain, the \u03b3 chain of fibrinogen, particularly one immunodominant epitope that has a specific reactivity, was identified as a circulating carbamylated target in sera. The prevalence of ACa-Fib was 37% at baseline and 10.9% for anti-CCP-negative RA. In anti-CCP-negative patients, ACa-Fib positivity was associated with a more inflammatory and erosive disease at baseline but not with rapid radiological progression, which remains strongly related to anti-CCP antibodies. Fibrinogen seems to be one of the antigens recognized\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    by the anti-CarP response, particularly 2 epitopes of the \u03b3 chain, one of which is not cross reactive with ACPA. This specificity might be associated with a distinct clinical phenotype since ACa-Fib IgG were shown to be linked to systemic inflammation in very early RA but not to rapid radiological progression.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.733511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T11:09:47Z","timestamp":1633691387000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Anti-Carbamylated Fibrinogen Antibodies Might Be Associated With a Specific Rheumatoid Phenotype and Include a Subset Recognizing In\u00a0Vivo Epitopes of Its \u03b3 Chain One of Which Is Not Cross Reactive With Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Pauline","family":"Brevet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Lattard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Guillou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Rottenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Fardellone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Le-Lo\u00ebt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Lequerr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Cosette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Fr\u00e9ret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Vittecoq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206047","article-title":"Evaluating Relationships Between Symptom Duration and Persistence of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Does a Window of Opportunity Exist? 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