{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T22:14:32Z","timestamp":1774649672145,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFA0105804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFA0105804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used immunosuppressive drugs for autoimmune diseases, although considerable gaps exist between current knowledge of the mechanisms of GCs and their conclusive immune-regulatory effects. Here we generated a single-cell transcriptional immune cell atlas based on prednisone-treated or untreated experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) mice. Immune cells were globally activated in EAU, and prednisone partially reversed this effect in terms of cell composition, gene expression, transcription factor regulation, and cell-cell communication. Prednisone exerted considerable rescue effects on T and B cells and increased the proportion of neutrophils. Besides commonly regulated transcriptional factors (Fosb, Jun, Jund), several genes were only regulated in certain cell types (e.g. Cxcr4 and Bhlhe40 in T cells), suggesting cell-type-dependent immunosuppressive properties of GC. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms behind the properties and cell-specific effects of GCs and can potentially benefit immunoregulatory therapy development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.739605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T10:23:34Z","timestamp":1628850214000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prednisone Reprograms the Transcriptional Immune Cell Landscape in CNS Autoimmune Disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"He","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuehan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lihui","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Runping","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaohuai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Binyao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianggui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenru","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.1","article-title":"Immune Regulation by Glucocorticoids","volume":"17","author":"Cain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00526-2","article-title":"New Insights Into the Cell- and Tissue-Specificity of Glucocorticoid Actions","volume":"18","author":"Quatrini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20171505","article-title":"Defining the Role of Glucocorticoids in Inflammation","volume":"132","author":"Ronchetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41435-021-00139-3","article-title":"Revisiting Steroidogenesis and its Role in Immune Regulation With the Advanced Tools and Technologies","volume":"22","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2011.06.016","article-title":"Stamatoyannopoulos and Gordon L. 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