{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T19:40:12Z","timestamp":1779219612418,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":182,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide due to a single infectious disease agent. BCG, the only licensed vaccine against TB, offers limited protection against pulmonary disease in children and adults. TB vaccine research has recently been reinvigorated by new data suggesting alternative administration of BCG induces protection and a subunit\/adjuvant vaccine that provides close to 50% protection. These results demonstrate the need for generating adjuvants in order to develop the next generation of TB vaccines. However, development of TB-targeted adjuvants is lacking. To help meet this need, NIAID convened a workshop in 2020 titled \u201cAdvancing Vaccine Adjuvants for<jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>Therapeutics\u201d. In this review, we present the four areas identified in the workshop as necessary for advancing TB adjuvants: 1) correlates of protective immunity, 2) targeting specific immune cells, 3) immune evasion mechanisms, and 4) animal models. We will discuss each of these four areas in detail and summarize what is known and what we can advance on in order to help develop more efficacious TB vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.740117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T04:24:45Z","timestamp":1635135885000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Advancing Adjuvants for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Therapeutics"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ana B.","family":"Enriquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Izzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shannon M.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica L.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert N.","family":"Mahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay T.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jyothi","family":"Rengarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Triccas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2020","year":"2020"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2039","article-title":"Immunological Mechanisms of Vaccination","volume":"12","author":"Pulendran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.072","article-title":"A Functional Role for Antibodies in Tuberculosis","volume":"167","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2011.10","article-title":"Initiation and Regulation of T-Cell Responses in Tuberculosis","volume":"4","author":"Urdahl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13894","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13894","article-title":"Targeting Dendritic Cells to Accelerate T-Cell Activation Overcomes a Bottleneck in Tuberculosis Vaccine Efficacy","volume":"7","author":"Griffiths","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.01.006","article-title":"New Tuberculosis Vaccine Strategies: Taking Aim at Un-Natural Immunity","volume":"39","author":"Jeyanathan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1714021","article-title":"Prevention of M. Tuberculosis Infection With H4:IC31 Vaccine or BCG Revaccination","volume":"379","author":"Nemes","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1817-8","article-title":"Prevention of Tuberculosis in Macaques After Intravenous BCG Immunization","volume":"577","author":"Darrah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8533","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9533","article-title":"Mucosal Vaccination With Attenuated Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Induces Strong Central Memory Responses and Protects Against Tuberculosis","volume":"6","author":"Kaushal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1909953","article-title":"Final Analysis of a Trial of M72\/AS01E Vaccine to Prevent Tuberculosis","volume":"381","author":"Tait","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2016.1213632","article-title":"Adjuvant System AS01: Helping to Overcome the Challenges of Modern Vaccines","volume":"16","author":"Didierlaurent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.06.051","article-title":"First-In-Human Trial of the Post-Exposure Tuberculosis Vaccine H56:IC31 in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infected and non-Infected Healthy Adults","volume":"33","author":"Luabeya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.03.071","article-title":"IC31, a Novel Adjuvant Signaling via TLR9, Induces Potent Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses","volume":"24","author":"Schellack","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.11.003","article-title":"Adjuvating the Adjuvant: Facilitated Delivery of an Immunomodulatory Oligonucleotide to TLR9 by a Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide in Dendritic Cells","volume":"29","author":"Aichinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-017-0027-3","article-title":"Cellular and Molecular Synergy in AS01-Adjuvanted Vaccines Results in an Early Ifn\u03b3 Response Promoting Vaccine Immunogenicity","volume":"2","author":"Coccia","year":"2017","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2018.05.001","article-title":"Correlates of Adjuvanticity: A Review on Adjuvants in Licensed Vaccines","volume":"39","author":"Del Giudice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1104588108","article-title":"Vaccine Adjuvants Aluminum and Monophosphoryl Lipid A Provide Distinct Signals to Generate Protective Cytotoxic Memory CD8 T Cells","volume":"108","author":"Macleod","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7080255","article-title":"Adjuvant Strategies for More Effective Tuberculosis Vaccine Immunity","volume":"7","author":"Stewart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.683011","article-title":"Identification of QS-21 as an Inflammasome-Activating Molecular Component of Saponin Adjuvants","volume":"291","author":"Marty-Roix","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400948","article-title":"Enhancement of Adaptive Immunity by the Human Vaccine Adjuvant AS01 Depends on Activated Dendritic Cells","volume":"193","author":"Didierlaurent","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.196.Supp.75.2","article-title":"Mechanisms of Activity of the Combination TLR4 Agonist and Emulsion Adjuvant GLA-SE","volume":"196","author":"Orr","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201243124","article-title":"MyD88 and TRIF Synergistic Interaction is Required for TH1-Cell Polarization With a Synthetic TLR4 Agonist Adjuvant","volume":"43","author":"Orr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201444543","article-title":"Squalene Emulsion Potentiates the Adjuvant Activity of the TLR4 Agonist, GLA, via Inflammatory Caspases, IL-18, and IFN-\u03b3","volume":"45","author":"Desbien","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-018-0057-5","article-title":"The TLR-4 Agonist Adjuvant, GLA-SE, Improves Magnitude and Quality of Immune Responses Elicited by the ID93 Tuberculosis Vaccine: First-in-Human Trial","volume":"3","author":"Coler","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30077-8","article-title":"Safety and Immunogenicity of the Novel Tuberculosis Vaccine ID93\u2008+\u2008GLA-SE in BCG-Vaccinated Healthy Adults in South Africa: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 1 Trial","volume":"6","author":"Penn-Nicholson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01686-16","article-title":"Mucosal BCG Vaccination Induces Protective Lung-Resident Memory T Cell Populations Against Tuberculosis","volume":"7","author":"Perdomo","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"aaf1098","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf1098","article-title":"Trained Immunity: A Program of Innate Immune Memory in Health and Disease","volume":"352","author":"Netea","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.12.031","article-title":"BCG Educates Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Generate Protective Innate Immunity Against Tuberculosis","volume":"172","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.2.5.574-582.1970","article-title":"Aerosol-Induced Tuberculosis in Subhuman Primates and the Course of the Disease After Intravenous BCG Vaccination","volume":"2","author":"Barclay","year":"1970","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/123.5.527","article-title":"Efficacy of Mycobacterial Cell Walls as a Vaccine Against Airborne Tuberculosis in the Rhesus Monkey","volume":"123","author":"Ribi","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B31","article-title":"Superiority of Intravenously Administered BCG and BCG Cell Walls in Protecting Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) Against Airborne Tuberculosis","volume":"143","author":"Anacker","year":"1972","journal-title":"Z Immunitatsforsch Exp Klin Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60177-4","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of MVA85A, a New Tuberculosis Vaccine, in Infants Previously Vaccinated With BCG: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2b Trial","volume":"381","author":"Tameris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2016.28","article-title":"Vaccine-Induced Th17 Cells are Established as Resident Memory Cells in the Lung and Promote Local IgA Responses","volume":"10","author":"Christensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00550-12","article-title":"Vaccine-Induced Th17 Cells Are Maintained Long-Term Postvaccination as a Distinct and Phenotypically Stable Memory Subset","volume":"80","author":"Lindenstr\u00f8m","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.10.036","article-title":"A Novel Liposomal Adjuvant System, CAF01, Promotes Long-Lived Mycobacterium Tuberculosis-Specific T-Cell Responses in Human","volume":"32","author":"Van Dissel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2018.10.003","article-title":"Immunocorrelates of CAF Family Adjuvants","volume":"39","author":"Pedersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-020-00255-7","article-title":"Mucosal Delivery of a Multistage Subunit Vaccine Promotes Development of Lung-Resident Memory T Cells and Affords Interleukin-17-Dependent Protection Against Pulmonary Tuberculosis","volume":"5","author":"Counoupas","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8582","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09119-y","article-title":"Delta Inulin-Based Adjuvants Promote the Generation of Polyfunctional CD4+ T Cell Responses and Protection Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection","volume":"7","author":"Counoupas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.07.022","article-title":"TLR2-Targeted Secreted Proteins From Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Are Protective as Powdered Pulmonary Vaccines","volume":"31","author":"Tyne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132703","article-title":"Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Tuberculosis","volume":"27","author":"Cooper","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(96)80031-8","article-title":"Immunity to Infection","volume":"8","author":"Bloom","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2666-2674.2001","article-title":"Gamma Interferon-Producing CD4+ T Lymphocytes in the Lung Correlate With Resistance to Infection Withmycobacterium Tuberculosis","volume":"69","author":"Chackerian","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infection Immun"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.6.2249","article-title":"An Essential Role for Interferon Gamma in Resistance to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection","volume":"178","author":"Flynn","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B44","article-title":"Functions of T-Cell Subsets and Cytokines in Mycobacterial Infections","volume":"20","author":"Munk","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Respir J Suppl"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(98)01321-8","article-title":"Novel Human Immunodeficiencies Reveal the Essential Role of Type-1 Cytokines in Immunity to Intracellular Bacteria","volume":"19","author":"Ottenhoff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2019.1585246","article-title":"Deciphering Protective Immunity Against Tuberculosis: Implications for Vaccine Development","volume":"18","author":"Counoupas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0174-z","article-title":"Moving Tuberculosis Vaccines From Theory to Practice","volume":"19","author":"Andersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.585359","article-title":"Rescuing ESAT-6 Specific CD4 T Cells From Terminal Differentiation Is Critical for Long-Term Control of Murine Mtb Infection","volume":"11","author":"Clemmensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.03.007","article-title":"Th1 Differentiation Drives the Accumulation of Intravascular, Non-Protective CD4 T Cells During Tuberculosis","volume":"18","author":"Sallin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004099","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004099","article-title":"Unexpected Role for IL-17 in Protective Immunity Against Hypervirulent Mycobacterium Tuberculosis HN878 Infection","volume":"10","author":"Gopal","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0319-9","article-title":"Prevention of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease by Local BCG in Repeatedly Exposed Rhesus Macaques","volume":"25","author":"Dijkman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1449","article-title":"IL-23 and IL-17 in the Establishment of Protective Pulmonary CD4+ T Cell Responses After Vaccination and During Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Challenge","volume":"8","author":"Khader","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00702.x","article-title":"The Role of Cytokines in the Initiation, Expansion, and Control of Cellular Immunity to Tuberculosis","volume":"226","author":"Cooper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401151","article-title":"Transcriptional Profile of Tuberculosis Antigen\u2013Specific T Cells Reveals Novel Multifunctional Features","volume":"193","author":"Arlehamn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.137858","article-title":"Pulmonary Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Control Associates With CXCR3- and CCR6-Expressing Antigen-Specific Th1 and Th17 Cell Recruitment","volume":"5","author":"Shanmugasundaram","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100265","article-title":"Pathological Role of Interleukin 17 in Mice Subjected to Repeated BCG Vaccination After Infection With Mycobacterium Tuberculosis","volume":"207","author":"Cruz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abg7673","article-title":"Exaggerated IL-17A Activity in Human In Vivo Recall Responses Discriminates Active Tuberculosis From Latent Infection and Cured Disease","volume":"13","author":"Pollara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Trans Med"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2008.01218.x","article-title":"Biology and Clinical Relevance of Granulysin","volume":"73","author":"Krensky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000392","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000392","article-title":"A Critical Role for CD8 T Cells in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Tuberculosis","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-015-0490-8","article-title":"CD8 T Cells and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection","volume":"37","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0028-0","article-title":"Antibodies and Tuberculosis: Finally Coming of Age","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1611776114","article-title":"Latently and Uninfected Healthcare Workers Exposed to TB Make Protective Antibodies Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis","volume":"114","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101377","article-title":"IL-23 Is Required for Long-Term Control of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and B Cell Follicle Formation in the Infected Lung","volume":"187","author":"Khader","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI65728","article-title":"CXCR5+ T Helper Cells Mediate Protective Immunity Against Tuberculosis","volume":"123","author":"Slight","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007643","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007643","article-title":"A Comparison of Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses Induced by Six Novel Tuberculosis Vaccine Candidates","volume":"15","author":"Rodo","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.09.002","article-title":"Vigilance or Subversion? Constitutive and Inducible M Cells in Mucosal Tissues","volume":"39","author":"Lo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.06.080","article-title":"Microfold Cells Actively Translocate Mycobacterium Tuberculosis to Initiate Infection","volume":"16","author":"Nair","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020340","article-title":"The Immune Escape Mechanisms of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis","volume":"20","author":"Zhai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00346","article-title":"Mucosal Delivery of Fusion Proteins With Bacillus Subtilis Spores Enhances Protection Against Tuberculosis by Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin","volume":"9","author":"Copland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1901326","article-title":"Cutting Edge: Characterization of Human Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells at Different Infection Sites in Patients With Tuberculosis","volume":"204","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI142014","article-title":"Tissue Resident-Like CD4+ T Cells Secreting IL-17 Control Mycobacteria Tuberculosis in the Human Lung","volume":"131","author":"Ogongo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12223","article-title":"Early Clearance Ofmycobacterium Tuberculosis: A New Frontier in Prevention","volume":"141","author":"Verrall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.2.788","article-title":"IL-23 Compensates for the Absence of IL-12p70 and Is Essential for the IL-17 Response During Tuberculosis But Is Dispensable for Protection and Antigen-Specific IFN-\u03b3 Responses If IL-12p70 Is Available","volume":"175","author":"Khader","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00621-06","article-title":"Neutralization or Absence of the Interleukin-23 Pathway Does Not Compromise Immunity to Mycobacterial Infection","volume":"74","author":"Chackerian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infection Immun"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.6.3786","article-title":"IL-17-Mediated Regulation of Innate and Acquired Immune Response Against Pulmonary Mycobacterium Bovis Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin Infection","volume":"178","author":"Umemura","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.9.5782-5788.2005","article-title":"Pulmonary Interleukin-23 Gene Delivery Increases Local T-Cell Immunity and Controls Growth of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in the Lungs","volume":"73","author":"Happel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inf Immun"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00564","article-title":"Adjuvant-Associated Peripheral Blood mRNA Profiles and Kinetics Induced by the Adjuvanted Recombinant Protein Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine M72\/AS01 in Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin-Vaccinated Adults","volume":"9","author":"Van Den Berg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01973","article-title":"High Antigen Dose Is Detrimental to Post-Exposure Vaccine Protection Against Tuberculosis","volume":"8","author":"Billeskov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53531","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053531","article-title":"The Mincle-Activating Adjuvant TDB Induces MyD88-Dependent Th1 and Th17 Responses Through IL-1r Signaling","volume":"8","author":"Desel","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30279-8","article-title":"Safety and Immunogenicity of the Chlamydia Vaccine Candidate CTH522 Adjuvanted With CAF01 Liposomes or Aluminium Hydroxide: A First-in-Human, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1 Trial","volume":"19","author":"Abraham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000420","article-title":"Cutting Edge: TNF Is Essential for Mycobacteria-Induced MINCLE Expression, Macrophage Activation, and Th17 Adjuvanticity","volume":"205","author":"Schick","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0904013","article-title":"Cutting Edge: Mincle Is Essential for Recognition and Adjuvanticity of the Mycobacterial Cord Factor and its Synthetic Analog Trehalose-Dibehenate","volume":"184","author":"Schoenen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081445","article-title":"Adjuvanticity of a Synthetic Cord Factor Analogue for Subunit Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Vaccination Requires Fcr\u03b3\u2013Syk\u2013Card9\u2013dependent Innate Immune Activation","volume":"206","author":"Werninghaus","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00338","article-title":"Species-Specific Structural Requirements of Alpha-Branched Trehalose Diester Mincle Agonists","volume":"10","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.9b01598","article-title":"Aryl Trehalose Derivatives as Vaccine Adjuvants for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis","volume":"63","author":"Ryter","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Medicinal Chem"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.04.003","article-title":"STING-Activating Adjuvants Elicit a Th17 Immune Response and Protect Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection","volume":"23","author":"Van Dis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.004","article-title":"The Vaccine Adjuvant Chitosan Promotes Cellular Immunity via DNA Sensor cGAS-STING-Dependent Induction of Type I Interferons","volume":"44","author":"Carroll","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242372","article-title":"The Vaccine Adjuvant Alum Inhibits IL-12 by Promoting PI3 Kinase Signaling While Chitosan Does Not Inhibit IL-12 and Enhances Th1 and Th17 Responses","volume":"42","author":"Mori","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00350","article-title":"Immune Response to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: A Narrative Review","volume":"7","author":"de Martino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.05.005","article-title":"Modulation of Adaptive Immunity With Toll-Like Receptors","volume":"21","author":"Manicassamy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006530","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006530","article-title":"Engaging the CD40-CD40L Pathway Augments T-Helper Cell Responses and Improves Control of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection","volume":"13","author":"Sia","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00322-07","article-title":"Effects of DNA- and Mycobacterium Bovis BCG-Based Delivery of the Flt3 Ligand on Protective Immunity to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis","volume":"75","author":"Triccas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infection Immun"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1928","article-title":"Autophagy Enhances the Efficacy of BCG Vaccine by Increasing Peptide Presentation in Mouse Dendritic Cells","volume":"15","author":"Jagannath","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-010-0833-1","article-title":"Toll-Like Receptor Expression and Function in Human Dendritic Cell Subsets: Implications for Dendritic Cell-Based Anti-Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"59","author":"Schreibelt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747543","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/747543","article-title":"Innate Immune Defenses in Human Tuberculosis: An Overview of the Interactions Between Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Innate Immune Cells","volume":"2015","author":"Sia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TBTB2-0018-2016","article-title":"Cytokines and Chemokines in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection","volume":"4","author":"Domingo-Gonzalez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.28","article-title":"Monocyte Differentiation and Antigen-Presenting Functions","volume":"17","author":"Jakubzick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.6.863","article-title":"Subsets of Human Dendritic Cell Precursors Express Different Toll-Like Receptors and Respond to Different Microbial Antigens","volume":"194","author":"Kadowaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006333","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006333","article-title":"Signaling C-Type Lectin Receptors in Antimycobacterial Immunity","volume":"13","author":"Marakalala","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2013.165","article-title":"Antigen Targeting to M Cells for Enhancing the Efficacy of Mucosal Vaccines","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-018-0109-1","article-title":"Enhanced Protection Conferred by Mucosal BCG Vaccination Associates With Presence of Antigen-Specific Lung Tissue-Resident PD-1+ KLRG1\u2013 CD4+ T Cells","volume":"12","author":"Bull","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2017.12.016","article-title":"Nanoparticle-Fusion Protein Complexes Protect Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection","volume":"26","author":"Hart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.00002515","article-title":"Mucosal Immunity and Novel Tuberculosis Vaccine Strategies: Route of Immunisation-Determined T-Cell Homing to Restricted Lung Mucosal Compartments","volume":"24","author":"Lai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700382","article-title":"CXCR3 Signaling Is Required for Restricted Homing of Parenteral Tuberculosis Vaccine\u2013Induced T Cells to Both the Lung Parenchyma and Airway","volume":"199","author":"Jeyanathan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09909-4","article-title":"Expression and Role of VLA-1 in Resident Memory CD8 T Cell Responses to Respiratory Mucosal Viral-Vectored Immunization Against Tuberculosis","volume":"7","author":"Haddadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02075","article-title":"Mucosal-Pull Induction of Lung-Resident Memory CD8 T Cells in Parenteral TB Vaccine-Primed Hosts Requires Cognate Antigens and CD4 T Cells","volume":"10","author":"Haddadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00803","article-title":"Intrapulmonary (I.Pulmon.) Pull Immunization With the Tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine Candidate H56\/CAF01 After Intramuscular (I.M.) Priming Elicits a Distinct Innate Myeloid Response and Activation of Antigen-Presenting Cells Than I.M. Or I.Pulmon. Prime Im","volume":"11","author":"Thakur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-020-0189-2","article-title":"Evaluation of Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination Strategies Using Chimpanzee Adenovirus and Modified Vaccinia Virus for TB Subunit Vaccination in Rhesus Macaques","volume":"5","author":"Vierboom","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.7774\/cevr.2017.6.1.15","article-title":"The Development of Mucosal Vaccines for Both Mucosal and Systemic Immune Induction and the Roles Played by Adjuvants","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Vaccine Res"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00599-8","article-title":"Mucosal Vaccines \u2014 Fortifying the Frontiers","author":"Lavelle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000113","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2015-000113","article-title":"Tolerability in Man Following Inhalation Dosing of the Selective TLR7 Agonist, AZD8848","volume":"3","author":"Delaney","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1252-2","article-title":"Effects of the Toll-Like Receptor 7 (TLR7) Agonist, AZD8848, on Allergen-Induced Responses in Patients With Mild Asthma: A Double-Blind, Randomised, Parallel-Group Study","volume":"20","author":"Leaker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-071811-150054","article-title":"Mucosal Vaccine Design and Delivery","volume":"14","author":"Woodrow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev BioMed Eng"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.4A0616-270R","article-title":"Rationalized Design of a Mucosal Vaccine Protects Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Challenge in Mice","volume":"101","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Leukocyte Biol"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2019.1583758","article-title":"Subunit-Based Mucosal Vaccine Delivery Systems for Pulmonary Delivery - Are They Feasible","volume":"45","author":"Marasini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00786-13","article-title":"Mucosal Vaccination Against Tuberculosis Using Inert Bioparticles","volume":"81","author":"Reljic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infection Immun"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901144","article-title":"Intranasal Immunization Promotes Th17 Immune Responses","volume":"183","author":"Zygmunt","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003875","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003875","article-title":"Intranasal Vaccination Promotes Detrimental Th17-Mediated Immunity Against Influenza Infection","volume":"10","author":"Maroof","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv503","article-title":"Pulmonary But Not Subcutaneous Delivery of BCG Vaccine Confers Protection to Tuberculosis-Susceptible Mice by an Interleukin 17\u2013Dependent Mechanism","volume":"213","author":"Aguilo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2017.81","article-title":"Molecular and Cellular Signatures Underlying Superior Immunity Against Bordetella Pertussis Upon Pulmonary Vaccination","volume":"11","author":"Raeven","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.10.115","article-title":"Mucosal Delivery Switches the Response to an Adjuvanted Tuberculosis Vaccine From Systemic TH1 to Tissue-Resident TH17 Responses Without Impacting the Protective Efficacy","volume":"33","author":"Orr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e66","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2016.6","article-title":"Targeting Dendritic Cells: A Promising Strategy to Improve Vaccine Effectiveness","volume":"5","author":"Macri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Trans Immunol"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.06.033","article-title":"MPLA Incorporation Into DC-Targeting Glycoliposomes Favours Anti-Tumour T Cell Responses","volume":"216","author":"Boks","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2014.07.004","article-title":"Targeting Human Dendritic Cells In Situ to Improve Vaccines","volume":"162","author":"Sehgal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.01.030","article-title":"Exploring the Vaccine Potential of Dec-205 Targeting in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection in Mice","volume":"29","author":"Stylianou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00471","article-title":"Targeting Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Antigens to Dendritic Cells via the DC-Specific-ICAM3-Grabbing-Nonintegrin Receptor Induces Strong T-Helper 1 Immune Responses","volume":"9","author":"Velasquez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2020.151951","article-title":"Natural and Trained Innate Immunity Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis","volume":"225","author":"Ferluga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI128877","article-title":"Targeting Innate Immunity for Tuberculosis Vaccination","volume":"129","author":"Khader","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.11.034","article-title":"Modulation of Myelopoiesis Progenitors Is an Integral Component of Trained Immunity","volume":"172","author":"Mitroulis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107634","article-title":"\u03b2-Glucan Induces Protective Trained Immunity Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Key Role for IL-1","volume":"31","author":"Moorlag","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.103","article-title":"Differentially Imprinted Innate Immunity by Mucosal Boost Vaccination Determines Antituberculosis Immune Protective Outcomes, Independent of T-Cell Immunity","volume":"6","author":"Jeyanathan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MGM2-0005-2013","article-title":"Evasion of Innate and Adaptive Immunity by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis","volume":"2","author":"Goldberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.4.2509","article-title":"Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infects Dendritic Cells With High Frequency and Impairs Their Function In Vivo","volume":"179","author":"Wolf","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002063","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002063","article-title":"Suboptimal Activation of Antigen-Specific CD4+ Effector Cells Enables Persistence of M. Tuberculosis In Vivo","volume":"7","author":"Bold","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501494","article-title":"Suboptimal Antigen Presentation Contributes to Virulence Ofmycobacterium tuberculosis In Vivo","volume":"196","author":"Grace","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1303185","article-title":"Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Impairs Dendritic Cell Functions Through the Serine Hydrolase Hip1","volume":"192","author":"Madan-Lala","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2017.128","article-title":"The Crucial Roles of Th17-Related Cytokines\/Signal Pathways in M. Tuberculosis Infection","volume":"15","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05574-11","article-title":"Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Hip1 Dampens Macrophage Proinflammatory Responses by Limiting Toll-Like Receptor 2 Activation","volume":"79","author":"Madan-Lala","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infection Immun"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0022-2018","article-title":"Immunology of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infections","volume":"7","author":"Sia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/fty037","article-title":"Tuberculosis and the Art of Macrophage Manipulation","volume":"76","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pathog Dis"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00917","article-title":"The Emerging Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Tuberculosis","volume":"10","author":"Magcwebeba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8619307","article-title":"Neutrophils in Tuberculosis: Heterogeneity Shapes the Way","volume":"2017","author":"Lyadova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e110","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030110","article-title":"Mycobacterium Tuberculosis nuoG Is a Virulence Gene That Inhibits Apoptosis of Infected Host Cells","volume":"3","author":"Velmurugan","year":"2007","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000864","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000864","article-title":"The Type I NADH Dehydrogenase of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Counters Phagosomal NOX2 Activity to Inhibit TNF-\u03b1-Mediated Host Cell Apoptosis","volume":"6","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.11.012","article-title":"Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Inhibits Neutrophil Apoptosis, Leading to Delayed Activation of Naive CD4 T Cells","volume":"11","author":"Blomgran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00679-16","article-title":"Deletion of nuoG From the Vaccine Candidate Mycobacterium Bovis BCG \u0394 Urec:: Hly Improves Prot","volume":"7","author":"Gengenbacher","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28958","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028958","article-title":"The Stress-Response Factor SigH Modulates the Interaction Between Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Host Phagocytes","volume":"7","author":"Dutta","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit037","article-title":"Role of Interleukin 6 in Innate Immunity to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection","volume":"207","author":"Martinez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004132","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004132","article-title":"Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Hip1 Modulates Macrophage Responses Through Proteolysis of Groel2","volume":"10","author":"Naffin-Olivos","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.4A0917-363RR","article-title":"Deletion of BCG Hip1 Protease Enhances Dendritic Cell and CD4 T Cell Responses","volume":"103","author":"Bizzell","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Leukocyte Biol"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.4.2660","article-title":"Mycobacterium Tuberculosislprg (Rv1411c): A Novel TLR-2 Ligand That Inhibits Human Macrophage Class II MHC Antigen Processing","volume":"173","author":"Gehring","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004376","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004376","article-title":"LprG-Mediated Surface Expression of Lipoarabinomannan Is Essential for Virulence of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis","volume":"10","author":"Gaur","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004471","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004471","article-title":"Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Lipoprotein LprG Binds Lipoarabinomannan and Determines Its Cell Envelope Localization to Control Phagolysosomal Fusion","volume":"10","author":"Shukla","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1009096","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009096","article-title":"Protective Efficacy of an Attenuated Mtb \u0394lprg Vaccine in Mice","volume":"16","author":"Martinot","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409716102","article-title":"Mechanism of Phagolysosome Biogenesis Block by Viable Mycobacterium Tuberculosis","volume":"102","author":"Vergne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007011","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007011","article-title":"The SecA2 Pathway of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Exports Effectors That Work in Concert to Arrest Phagosome and Autophagosome Maturation","volume":"14","author":"Zulauf","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201000125","article-title":"Disruption of the SapM Locus in Mycobacterium Bovis BCG Improves its Protective Efficacy as a Vaccine Against M. Tuberculosis","volume":"3","author":"Festjens","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.05.022","article-title":"SapM Mutation to Improve the BCG Vaccine: Genomic, Transcriptomic and Preclinical Safety Characterization","volume":"37","author":"Festjens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2013.11.007","article-title":"BCG Vaccine Mediated Reduction in the MHC-II Expression of Macrophages and Dendritic Cells is Reversed by Activation of Toll-Like Receptors 7 and 9","volume":"287","author":"Bakhru","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8010067","article-title":"RNA Sensing of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Its Impact on TB Vaccination Strategies","volume":"8","author":"Burkert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005490","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005490","article-title":"TIM3 Mediates T Cell Exhaustion During Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection","volume":"12","author":"Jayaraman","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aat2702","article-title":"Tuberculosis Following PD-1 Blockade for Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Barber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abf3861","article-title":"PD-1 Blockade Exacerbates Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection in Rhesus Macaques","volume":"6","author":"Kauffman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040433","article-title":"Enhanced Protection to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection in IL-10-Deficient Mice is Accompanied by Early and Enhanced Th1 Responses in the Lung","volume":"40","author":"Redford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062105","article-title":"Expansion and Function of Foxp3-Expressing T Regulatory Cells During Tuberculosis","volume":"204","author":"Scott-Browne","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091885","article-title":"Pathogen-Specific Regulatory T Cells Delay the Arrival of Effector T Cells in the Lung During Early Tuberculosis","volume":"207","author":"Shafiani","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilx015","article-title":"Translational Research in the Nonhuman Primate Model of Tuberculosis","volume":"58","author":"Foreman","year":"2017","journal-title":"ILAR J"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0135009","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135009","article-title":"AdHu5Ag85A Respiratory Mucosal Boost Immunization Enhances Protection Against Pulmonary Tuberculosis in BCG-Primed Non-Human Primates","volume":"10","author":"Jeyanathan","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0161217","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161217","article-title":"Testing the H56 Vaccine Delivered in 4 Different Adjuvants as a BCG-Booster in a Non-Human Primate Model of Tuberculosis","volume":"11","author":"Billeskov","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2020.101949","article-title":"Pulmonary Mucosal Immunity Mediated Through CpG Provides Adequate Protection Against Pulmonary Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection in the Mouse Model. A Role for Type I Interferon","volume":"123","author":"Troy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16012","DOI":"10.1038\/npjvaccines.2016.12","article-title":"Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Components Expressed During Chronic Infection of the Lung Contribute to Long-Term Control of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Mice","volume":"1","author":"Counoupas","year":"2016","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00097-20","article-title":"The Diversity Outbred Mouse Population Is an Improved Animal Model of Vaccination Against Tuberculosis That Reflects Heterogeneity of Protection","volume":"5","author":"Kurtz","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.10.003","article-title":"Ultra-Low Dose Aerosol Infection of Mice With Mycobacterium Tuberculosis More Closely Models Human Tuberculosis","volume":"29","author":"Plumlee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B174","volume-title":"The Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis","author":"Rich","year":"1951"},{"key":"B175","article-title":"Influence of BCG Vaccination on the Pathogenesis of Experimental Airborne Tuberculosis","volume":"19","author":"Smith","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1973.107.6.1041","article-title":"The Fate of Virulent and Attenuated Mycobacteria in Guinea Pigs Infected by the Respiratory Route","volume":"107","author":"Alsaadi","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/136.3.439","article-title":"Host-Parasite Relationships in Experimental Airborne Tuberculosis. VI. Influence of Vaccination With Bacille Calmette-Guerin on the Onset Andior Extent of Hematogenous Dissemination of Virulent Mycobacterium Tuberculosis to the Lungs","volume":"136","author":"Harding","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6622-6632.2004","article-title":"The Protective Effect of the Mycobacterium Bovis BCG Vaccine Is Increased by Coadministration With the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis 72-Kilodalton Fusion Polyprotein Mtb72F in M. Tuberculosis-Infected Guinea Pigs","volume":"72","author":"Brandt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infection Immun"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.91.2.718-724.1966","article-title":"Host-Parasite Relationships in Experimental Airborne Tuberculosis. I. Preliminary Studies in BCG-Vaccinated and Nonvaccinated Animals","volume":"91","author":"Smith","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.07.008","article-title":"Tuberculosis Vaccines \u2014 Perspectives From the NIH\/NIAID Mycobacteria Vaccine Testing Program","volume":"47","author":"Izzo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102696","article-title":"The Importance of Adjuvant Formulation in the Development of a Tuberculosis Vaccine","volume":"188","author":"Baldwin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2006.01.014","article-title":"Re-Formulation of Selected DNA Vaccine Candidates and Their Evaluation as Protein Vaccines Using a Guinea Pig Aerosol Infection Model of Tuberculosis","volume":"86","author":"Vipond","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.740117\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T16:37:45Z","timestamp":1673627865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.740117\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"references-count":182,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2021.740117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.740117","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"article-number":"740117"}}