{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T04:13:33Z","timestamp":1793420013018,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genetic studies on ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have identified more than 100 pathogenic genes. Building a bridge between these genes and biologically targeted therapies is the current research hotspot.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We integrated single-cell assaying transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to explore the key genes and related mechanisms associated with AS pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 18 cell types in peripheral mononuclear cells from patients with AS and normal controls and summarized the cell-type-specific abnormal genes by scRNA-seq. Interestingly, we found that the pathogenic gene\n                      <jats:italic>NFKB<\/jats:italic>\n                      involved in AS progression originated from CD8+ T cells. Moreover, we observed an abnormal tumor TNF pathway mediated by abnormal expression of\n                      <jats:italic>TNF<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>NFKB<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>FOS<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>JUN<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>JUNB<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and scATAC-seq results confirmed the abnormal accessible binding sites of transcriptional factors\n                      <jats:italic>FOS<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>JUN<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>JUNB<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The final magnetic bead sorting and quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR) confirmed that\n                      <jats:italic>NFKB<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>FOS<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>JUN<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>JUNB<\/jats:italic>\n                      in CD8+ T cells differed in the AS group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results revealed a possible mechanism by which\n                      <jats:italic>NFKB<\/jats:italic>\n                      abnormally regulates\n                      <jats:italic>FOS<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>JUN<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>JUNB<\/jats:italic>\n                      and drives\n                      <jats:italic>AS<\/jats:italic>\n                      progression, providing a novel perspective from a single cell point of view in AS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.760381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T07:13:14Z","timestamp":1637565194000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Integrative Single-Cell RNA-Seq and ATAC-Seq Analysis of Peripheral Mononuclear Cells in Patients With Ankylosing 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