{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:24:35Z","timestamp":1787934275100,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Balamuthia mandrillaris<\/jats:italic> is one cause of a rare and severe brain infection called granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), which has a mortality rate of &amp;gt;90%. Diagnosis of <jats:italic>Balamuthia<\/jats:italic> GAE is difficult because symptoms are non-specific. Here, we report a case of <jats:italic>Balamuthia<\/jats:italic> amoebic encephalomyelitis (encephalitis and myelitis) in a woman with breast cancer. She sustained trauma near a garbage dump 2 years ago and subsequently developed a skin lesion with a <jats:italic>Mycobacterium abscessus<\/jats:italic> infection. She experienced dizziness, lethargy, nausea and vomiting, inability to walk, and deterioration of consciousness. Next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples revealed <jats:italic>B. mandrillaris<\/jats:italic>, and MRI of both brain and spinal cord showed abnormal signals. T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of the CSF identified the Top1 TCR. A combination of amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, clarithromycin, pentamidine, and miltefosine was administrated, but she deteriorated gradually and died on day 27 post-admission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.768065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T07:19:39Z","timestamp":1641367179000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Encephalomyelitis Caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris in a Woman With Breast Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongwei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huili","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siruo","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ding","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueling","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2007.00232.x","article-title":"Pathogenic 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