{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T12:31:57Z","timestamp":1789907517559,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Influenza virus infections can cause a broad range of symptoms, form mild respiratory problems to severe and fatal complications. While influenza virus poses a global health threat, the frequent antigenic change often significantly compromises the protective efficacy of seasonal vaccines, further increasing the vulnerability to viral infection. Therefore, it is in great need to employ strategies for the development of universal influenza vaccines (UIVs) which can elicit broad protection against diverse influenza viruses. Using a mouse infection model, we examined the breadth of protection of the caspase-triggered live attenuated influenza vaccine (ctLAIV), which was self-attenuated by the host caspase-dependent cleavage of internal viral proteins. A single vaccination in mice induced a broad reactive antibody response against four different influenza viruses, H1 and rH5 (HA group 1) and H3 and rH7 subtypes (HA group 2). Notably, despite the lack of detectable neutralizing antibodies, the vaccination provided heterosubtypic protection against the lethal challenge with the viruses. Sterile protection was confirmed by the complete absence of viral titers in the lungs and nasal turbinates after the challenge. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities of non-neutralizing antibodies contributed to cross-protection. The cross-protection remained robust even after <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> depletion of T cells or NK cells, reflecting the strength and breadth of the antibody-dependent effector function. The robust mucosal secretion of sIgA reflects an additional level of cross-protection. Our data show that the host-restricted designer vaccine serves an option for developing a UIV, providing pan-influenza A protection against both group 1 and 2 influenza viruses. The present results of potency and breadth of protection from wild type and reassortant viruses addressed in the mouse model by single immunization merits further confirmation and validation, preferably in clinically relevant ferret models with wild type challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.779223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T08:52:09Z","timestamp":1638435129000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Host-Restricted Self-Attenuated Influenza Virus Provides Broad Pan-Influenza A Protection in a Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Minjin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yucheol","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jongkwan","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanguine","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yo Han","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baik Lin","family":"Seong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33293-2","article-title":"Estimates of Global Seasonal Influenza-Associated Respiratory Mortality: A Modelling Study","volume":"391","author":"Iuliano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.56.1.152-179.1992","article-title":"Evolution and Ecology of Influenza A Viruses","volume":"56","author":"Webster","year":"1992","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00705.x","article-title":"The Influenza Viruses","volume":"185","author":"Hampson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.07.027","article-title":"Influenza Vaccine: The Challenge of Antigenic Drift","volume":"25","author":"Carrat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp038238","article-title":"Influenza Vaccine\u2013Outmaneuvering Antigenic Shift and Drift","volume":"350","author":"Treanor","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0264-410x(03)00071-9","article-title":"The Annual Production Cycle for Influenza Vaccine","volume":"21","author":"Gerdil","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-153","article-title":"Comparing Influenza Vaccine Efficacy Against Mismatched and Matched Strains: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Tricco","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1141","article-title":"Influenza: Old and New Threats","volume":"10","author":"Palese","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1208","article-title":"Influenza: Lessons From Past Pandemics, Warnings From Current Incidents","volume":"3","author":"Horimoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy103","article-title":"A Universal Influenza Vaccine: The Strategic Plan for the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","volume":"218","author":"Erbelding","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a028845","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028845","article-title":"Is It Possible to Develop a \"Universal\" Influenza Virus Vaccine? Potential Target Antigens and Critical Aspects for a Universal Influenza Vaccine","volume":"10","author":"Krammer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.06.016","article-title":"Overcoming Barriers in the Path to a Universal Influenza Virus Vaccine","volume":"24","author":"Coughlan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00600","article-title":"Novel Platforms for the Development of a Universal Influenza Vaccine","volume":"9","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00137-12","article-title":"Influenza Viruses Expressing Chimeric Hemagglutinins: Globular Head and Stalk Domains Derived From Different Subtypes","volume":"86","author":"Hai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00344","article-title":"The Quest for a Truly Universal Influenza Vaccine","volume":"9","author":"Jang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2014_408","article-title":"Advances in Universal Influenza Virus Vaccine Design and Antibody Mediated Therapies Based on Conserved Regions of the Hemagglutinin","volume":"386","author":"Krammer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.09.6","article-title":"Universal M2 Ectodomain-Based Influenza A Vaccines: Preclinical and Clinical Developments","volume":"8","author":"Schotsaert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-017-0026-4","article-title":"A Universal Influenza Virus Vaccine Candidate Confers Protection Against Pandemic H1N1 Infection in Preclinical Ferret Studies","volume":"2","author":"Nachbagauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v6083159","article-title":"Options and Obstacles for Designing a Universal Influenza Vaccine","volume":"6","author":"Jang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0143-6","article-title":"The Human Antibody Response to Influenza A Virus Infection and Vaccination","volume":"19","author":"Krammer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00163-16","article-title":"Reversion of Cold-Adapted Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Into a Pathogenic Virus","volume":"90","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.7774\/cevr.2012.1.1.35","article-title":"Principles Underlying Rational Design of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines","volume":"1","author":"Jang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Vaccine Res"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2008.91","article-title":"Cell Death in the Host Response to Infection","volume":"15","author":"Labbe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400823","article-title":"Host Defense, Viruses and Apoptosis","volume":"8","author":"Barber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075043","article-title":"Host Defense Mechanism-Based Rational Design of Live Vaccine","volume":"8","author":"Jang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01457","article-title":"Influenza and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity","volume":"10","author":"Von Holle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00116","article-title":"Pan-Influenza A Protection by Prime-Boost Vaccination With Cold-Adapted Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in a Mouse Model","volume":"9","author":"Jang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19675","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56169-5","article-title":"Hemagglutinin Quantitative ELISA-Based Potency Assay for Trivalent Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Using Group-Specific Universal Monoclonal Antibodies","volume":"9","author":"Chae","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117108","article-title":"Antibodies to Antigenic Site A of Influenza H7 Hemagglutinin Provide Protection Against H7N9 Challenge","volume":"10","author":"Schmeisser","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2002.131094","article-title":"Human Antibody Responses to Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus, 2013","volume":"20","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.01.068","article-title":"Universal Monoclonal Antibody-Based Influenza Hemagglutinin Quantitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay","volume":"37","author":"Chae","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.105.6.2887","article-title":"Anti-Peptide Antibodies Detect Steps in a Protein Conformational Change: low-pH Activation of the Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin","volume":"105","author":"White","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1456","article-title":"Viral Membrane Fusion","volume":"15","author":"Harrison","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90260-w","article-title":"A Spring-Loaded Mechanism for the Conformational Change of Influenza Hemagglutinin","volume":"73","author":"Carr","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.2.1030","article-title":"Priming With Cold-Adapted Influenza A Does Not Prevent Infection But Elicits Long-Lived Protection Against Supralethal Challenge With Heterosubtypic Virus","volume":"178","author":"Powell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400432","article-title":"Influenza-Specific Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity: Toward a Universal Influenza Vaccine","volume":"193","author":"Jegaskanda","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines3010105","article-title":"M2e-Based Universal Influenza A Vaccines","volume":"3","author":"Deng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005578","article-title":"Broadly-Reactive Neutralizing and Non-Neutralizing Antibodies Directed Against the H7 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Reveal Divergent Mechanisms of Protection","volume":"12","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw629","article-title":"Induction of H7N9-Cross-Reactive Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Antibodies by Human Seasonal Influenza A Viruses That are Directed Toward the Nucleoprotein","volume":"215","author":"Jegaskanda","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines6020018","article-title":"Harnessing the Power of T Cells: The Promising Hope for a Universal Influenza Vaccine","volume":"6","author":"Clemens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00513","article-title":"Virus-Induced T Cell-Mediated Heterologous Immunity and Vaccine Development","volume":"11","author":"Balz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9040353","article-title":"Immune Responses Elicited by Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines as Correlates of Universal Protection Against Influenza Viruses","volume":"9","author":"Jang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2011.01.004","article-title":"Genetic Bases of the Temperature-Sensitive Phenotype of a Master Donor Virus Used in Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines: A\/Leningrad\/134\/17\/57 (H2n2)","volume":"412","author":"Isakova-Sivak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00978-07","article-title":"A Naturally Occurring Deletion in Its NS Gene Contributes to the Attenuation of an H5N1 Swine Influenza Virus in Chickens","volume":"82","author":"Zhu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90766-6","article-title":"Amplification, Expression, and Packaging of Foreign Gene by Influenza Virus","volume":"59","author":"Luytjes","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.21.11354","article-title":"Negative-Strand RNA Viruses: Genetic Engineering and Applications","volume":"93","author":"Palese","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2010.250","article-title":"Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination of NP Protein Regulates Influenza A Virus RNA Replication","volume":"29","author":"Liao","year":"2010","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.2008\/004606-0","article-title":"The Multifunctional NS1 Protein of Influenza A Viruses","volume":"89","author":"Hale","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.29.17907","article-title":"A Combinatorial Approach Defines Specificities of Members of the Caspase Family and Granzyme B. Functional Relationships Established for Key Mediators of Apoptosis","volume":"272","author":"Thornberry","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400598","article-title":"Caspase Structure, Proteolytic Substrates, and Function During Apoptotic Cell Death","volume":"6","author":"Nicholson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.15.9677","article-title":"Substrate Specificities of Caspase Family Proteases","volume":"272","author":"Talanian","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.53.1.577","article-title":"Viruses and Apoptosis","volume":"53","author":"Roulston","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20173","article-title":"Secretory IgA Antibodies Provide Cross-Protection Against Infection With Different Strains of Influenza B Virus","volume":"74","author":"Asahi-Ozaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503885112","article-title":"Relationship of the Quaternary Structure of Human Secretory IgA to Neutralization of Influenza Virus","volume":"112","author":"Suzuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085582","article-title":"Comparison of Antiviral Activity Between IgA and IgG Specific to Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin: Increased Potential of IgA for Heterosubtypic Immunity","volume":"9","author":"Muramatsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2013.54.2.271","article-title":"Cross-Protective Immune Responses Elicited by Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines","volume":"54","author":"Jang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-013-0546-4","article-title":"Development of Universal Influenza Vaccines Based on Influenza Virus M and NP Genes","volume":"42","author":"Zheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.165.6.1508","article-title":"Use of Synthetic Peptides of Influenza Nucleoprotein to Define Epitopes Recognized by Class I-Restricted Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes","volume":"165","author":"Bastin","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90019-x","article-title":"The Epitopes of Influenza Nucleoprotein Recognized by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes can be Defined With Short Synthetic Peptides","volume":"44","author":"Townsend","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.12.7381","article-title":"Fc Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis Makes a Significant Contribution to Clearance of Influenza Virus Infections","volume":"166","author":"Huber","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.20.3.640-645.1978","article-title":"Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity to Influenza Virus-Infected Cells: Response to Vaccination and Virus Infection","volume":"20","author":"Greenberg","year":"1978","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.1988.supplement_9.3","article-title":"Structure and Function of Fc Receptors on Macrophages and Lymphocytes","volume":"9","author":"Mellman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Cell Sci Suppl"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3109\/08830189709045703","article-title":"IgG Binding Sites on Human Fc Gamma Receptors","volume":"16","author":"Tamm","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.05.010","article-title":"FcgammaRIV: A Novel FcR With Distinct IgG Subclass Specificity","volume":"23","author":"Nimmerjahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014515107","article-title":"FcgammaRIV Deletion Reveals Its Central Role for IgG2a and IgG2b Activity In Vivo","volume":"107","author":"Nimmerjahn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v4071144","article-title":"Influenza Virus-Mediated Membrane Fusion: Determinants of Hemagglutinin Fusogenic Activity and Experimental Approaches for Assessing Virus Fusion","volume":"4","author":"Hamilton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.11.035","article-title":"Characterizations of Four Monoclonal Antibodies Against M2 Protein Ectodomain of Influenza A Virus","volume":"385","author":"Fu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.07.007","article-title":"M2e-Based Universal Influenza A Vaccine","volume":"27","author":"Fiers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/266052a0","article-title":"Early Presence of Ribonucleoprotein Antigen on Surface of Influenza Virus-Infected Cells","volume":"266","author":"Virelizier","year":"1977","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2019.112644","article-title":"Monitoring Kinetics Reveals Critical Parameters of IgA-Dependent Granulocyte-Mediated Anti-Tumor Cell Cytotoxicity","volume":"473","author":"Zwick","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.018","article-title":"The Fc Receptor for IgA (FcalphaRI, Cd89)","volume":"92","author":"Otten","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2006.04.014","article-title":"In Search of the Elusive Mouse Macrophage Fc-Alpha Receptor","volume":"107","author":"Reljic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.09.012","article-title":"Immediate and Broad-Spectrum Protection Against Heterologous and Heterotypic Lethal Challenge in Mice by Live Influenza Vaccine","volume":"25","author":"Seo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00083","article-title":"Non-Specific Effect of Vaccines: Immediate Protection Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection by a Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.779223\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T08:52:13Z","timestamp":1638435133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.779223\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2021.779223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.779223","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"article-number":"779223"}}