{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T01:41:38Z","timestamp":1792892498068,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81771613, 82171679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771613, 82171679"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Many studies have confirmed that extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs\/ecDNAs) exist in tumor and normal cells independently of the chromosome and are essential for oncogene plasticity and drug resistance. Studies have confirmed that there are many eccDNAs\/ecDNAs in maternal plasma derived from the fetus. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a pregnancy-related disease associated with high newborn morbidity and mortality. However, the characteristics and nature of eccDNAs\/ecDNAs in FGR are poorly understood. This study aims to deconstruct the properties and potential functions of eccDNAs\/ecDNAs in FGR. We performed circle-seq to identify the expression profile of eccDNAs\/ecDNAs, analyzed by bioinformatics, and verified by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) combined with southern blot in FGR compared with the normal groups. A total of 45,131 eccDNAs\/ecDNAs (including 2,118 unique ones) were identified, which had significantly higher abundance in FRG group than in normal group, and was bimodal in length, peaking at ~146bp and ~340bp, respectively. Gestational age may be one independent factor affecting the production of eccDNAs\/ecDNAs, most of which come from genomic regions with high gene density, with a 4~12bp repeat around the junction, and their origin had a certain genetic preference. In addition, some of the host-genes overlapped with non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) partially or even completely. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that host-genes on the differentially expressed eccDNAs\/ecDNAs (DEEECs\/DEECs) were mainly enriched in immune-related functions and pathways. The presence of some ecDNAs were verified, and whose variability were consistent with the circle-seq results. We identified and characterized eccDNAs\/ecDNAs in placentas with FGR, and elucidated the formation mechanisms and the networks with ncRNAs, which provide a new vision for the screening of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for FGR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.780779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T05:19:09Z","timestamp":1640063949000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Identification and Characterization of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA in Human Placentas With Fetal Growth 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