{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:43:02Z","timestamp":1790808182014,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES027353 , F31ES030593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES027353 , F31ES030593"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002193","name":"Lupus Foundation of America","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Repeated short-term intranasal instillation of lupus-prone mice with crystalline silica (cSiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) induces inflammatory gene expression and ectopic lymphoid neogenesis in the lung, leading to early onset of systemic autoimmunity and rapid progression to glomerulonephritis. These responses are suppressed by dietary supplementation with the \u03c9-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Here, we tested the hypothesis that dietary DHA supplementation suppresses cSiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-induced inflammatory proteins in bronchoalveolar alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma of lupus-prone mice. Archived tissue fluid samples were used from a prior investigation in which 6 wk-old lupus-prone female NZBWF1 mice were fed isocaloric diets containing 0 or 10 g\/kg DHA for 2 wks and then intranasally instilled with 1 mg cSiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>or vehicle once weekly\u00a0for 4\u00a0wks. Cohorts were terminated at 1, 5, 9 or 13 wk post-instillation (PI). BALF and plasma from each cohort were analyzed by high density multiplex array profiling of 200 inflammatory proteins. cSiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>time-dependently induced increases in the BALF protein signatures that were highly reflective of unresolved lung inflammation, although responses in the plasma were much less robust. Induced proteins in BALF included\u00a0chemokines (<jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic>, MIP-2, MCP-5), enzymes (<jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic>, MMP-10, granzyme B), adhesion molecules (<jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic>, sE-selectin, sVCAM-1), co-stimulatory molecules (<jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic>, sCD40L, sCD48), TNF superfamily proteins (<jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic>, sTNFRI, sBAFF-R), growth factors (<jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic>, IGF-1, IGFBP-3), and signal transduction proteins (<jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic>, MFG-E8, FcgRIIB), many of which were blocked or delayed by DHA supplementation. The BALF inflammatory proteome correlated positively with\u00a0prior measurements of gene\u00a0expression, pulmonary ectopic lymphoid tissue neogenesis, and induction of autoantibodies\u00a0in the lungs of the control and treatment groups. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-6 were among the top upstream regulators of the cSiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-induced protein response. Furthermore, DHA\u2019s effects were associated with downregulation of cSiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-induced pathways involving i) inhibition of ARE\u2010mediated mRNA decay, ii) bacterial and viral pattern recognition receptor activation, or iii) TREM1, STAT3, NF-\u03baB, and VEGF signaling and with upregulation of PPAR, LXR\/RXR and PPAR\u03b1\/RXR\u03b1 signaling. Altogether, these preclinical findings further support the contention that dietary DHA supplementation could be applicable as an intervention against inflammation-driven autoimmune triggering by cSiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>or potentially other environmental agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.781446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T05:18:41Z","timestamp":1642742321000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Silica Induction of Diverse Inflammatory Proteome in Lungs of Lupus-Prone Mice Quelled by Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lichchavi D.","family":"Rajasinghe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa 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