{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T11:07:10Z","timestamp":1787742430845,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI116282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI116282"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI161014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI161014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011769","name":"Scripps Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Seed funds"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Seed funds"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007856","name":"Baylor College of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Seed funds"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Seed funds"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human NK cells are comprised of phenotypic subsets, whose potentially unique functions remain largely unexplored. C-X-C-motif-chemokine-receptor-6 (CXCR6)\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    NK cells have been identified as phenotypically immature tissue-resident NK cells in mice and humans. A small fraction of peripheral blood (PB)-NK cells also expresses CXCR6. However, prior reports about their phenotypic and functional plasticity are conflicting. In this study, we isolated, expanded, and phenotypically and functionally evaluated CXCR6\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CXCR6\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    PB-NK cells, and contrasted results to bulk liver and spleen NK cells. We found that CXCR6\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CXCR6\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    PB-NK cells preserved their distinct phenotypic profiles throughout 14 days of\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    expansion (\u201cday 14\u201d), after which phenotypically immature CXCR6\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    PB-NK cells became functionally equivalent to CXCR6\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    PB-NK cells. Despite a consistent reduction in CD16 expression and enhanced expression of the transcription factor Eomesodermin (Eomes), day 14 CXCR6\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    PB-NK cells had superior antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) compared to CXCR6\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    PB-NK cells. Further, bulk liver NK cells responded to IL-15, but not IL-2 stimulation, with STAT-5 phosphorylation. In contrast, bulk splenic and PB-NK cells robustly responded to both cytokines. Our findings may allow for the selection of superior NK cell subsets for infusion products increasingly used to treat human diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.810080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:19:08Z","timestamp":1643588348000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Phenotypic and Functional Plasticity of CXCR6+ Peripheral Blood NK Cells"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Laura S.","family":"Angelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham 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