{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:35:49Z","timestamp":1791668149819,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Probiotics can modulate immune responses to resist influenza infection. This study aims to evaluate the anti-viral efficacy of <jats:italic>B. dorei<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>C57BL\/6J mice were infected with influenza virus together with treatment of PBS vehicle, <jats:italic>B. dorei<\/jats:italic>, or oseltamivir respectively. Anti-influenza potency of <jats:italic>B. dorei<\/jats:italic> and the underlying mechanism were determined by measuring survival rate, lung viral load and pathology, gene expression and production of cytokines and chemokines, and analysis of gut microbiota.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Administration of <jats:italic>B. dorei<\/jats:italic> increased (by 30%) the survival of influenza-infected mice, and improved their weight loss, lung pathology, lung index, and colon length compared to the vehicle control group. <jats:italic>B. dorei<\/jats:italic> treatment reduced (by 61%) the viral load of lung tissue and increased expression of type 1 interferon more rapidly at day 3 postinfection. At day 7 postinfection, <jats:italic>B.<\/jats:italic> dorei-treated mice showed lower local (lung) and systemic (serum) levels of interferon and several proinflammatory cytokines or chemokines (IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, IL-10, MCP-1 and IP-10) with a efficacy comparable to oseltamivi treatment. <jats:italic>B. dorei<\/jats:italic> treatment also altered gut microbiota as indicated by increased levels of Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Lactobacillus and decreased levels of Escherichia, Shigella, and Parabacteroides.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>B. dorei<\/jats:italic> has anti-influenza effect. Its working mechanisms involve promoting earlier interferon expression and down-regulating both local and systemic inflammatory response. <jats:italic>B. dorei<\/jats:italic> changes the composition of gut microbiota, which may also contribute to its beneficial effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.828887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T07:40:58Z","timestamp":1643182858000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["A Novel Immunobiotics Bacteroides dorei Ameliorates Influenza Virus Infection in 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