{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T08:16:35Z","timestamp":1768983395620,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82072664, 81974374, 82173125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82072664, 81974374, 82173125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly lethal malignancy with poor prognosis. The effect of transcriptome characteristics of patient immune microenvironment (TME) on the efficacy of immunosuppressive agents is still poorly understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here we extracted and isolated immune cells from peripheral blood of patients with PD-1 monoclonal antibody sensitivity and resistance, and conducted deep single-cell RNA sequencing to describe the baseline landscape of the composition, lineage, and functional status of infiltrating immune cells in peripheral blood of patients with esophageal cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The transcriptome characteristics of immune cells were comprehensively analyzed, and the dynamic changes of cell percentage, heterogeneity of cell subtypes and interactions between cells were explained. Co-expression and pedigree tracking based on T-cell antigen receptors revealed a significant proportion of highly migratory intertissue-effector T cells. GO and KEGG enrichment pathway Analysis of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> effect-T cells ESCC_S group and ESCC_D1,2 group, found that in the up-regulated enrichment pathway, ESCC_S group enriched more PD-L1 and PD-1 checkpoint pathways expressed in tumors (JUN\/NFKBIA\/FOS\/KRAS\/IFNG), which also exist in T cell receptor signaling pathways. MT2A, MT1X and MT1E were differentially expressed in ESCC patients with PD-1 monoclonal antibody resistance, which may be related to the resistance of PD-1 mMAB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study has an in-depth understanding of the influence of peripheral immune cell infiltration on the sensitivity of monoclonal antibody PD-1 in patients with esophageal cancer, which is helpful to promote the immunotherapy of patients with esophageal cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1004345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T05:05:18Z","timestamp":1668661518000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Single cell sequencing revealed the mechanism of PD-1 resistance affected by the expression profile of peripheral blood immune cells in 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