{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T21:17:51Z","timestamp":1773695871414,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is a potential therapeutic material that has self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulation properties. However, the biological function of MSCs may decline due to the influence of donor differences and the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> expansion environment, which hinders the advancement of MSC-based clinical therapy. Here, we investigated a method for improving the immunomodulatory function of MSCs with the help of small-molecule compounds, A-83-01, CHIR99021, and Y27632 (ACY). The results showed that small-molecule induced MSCs (SM-MSCs) could enhance their immunosuppressive effects on T cells and macrophages. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> studies showed that, in contrast to control MSCs (Ctrl-MSCs), SM-MSCs could inhibit the inflammatory response in mouse models of delayed hypersensitivity and acute peritonitis more effectively. In addition, SM-MSCs showed the stronger ability to inhibit the infiltration of pro-inflammatory T cells and macrophages. Thus, small-molecule compounds ACY could better promote the immunomodulatory effect of MSCs, indicating it could be a potential improving method in MSC culture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1005426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T05:53:30Z","timestamp":1663653210000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Improving the immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells by defined chemical 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