{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T15:20:47Z","timestamp":1768749647931,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Long after <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic> infection, 40% of individuals develop a progressive chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC), with systolic dysfunction and arrhythmias. Since we previously showed IL-1\u03b2 mediates the development of systolic dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmias in diabetes mellitus and cardiorenal syndrome, and IL-1\u03b2 remains elevated in Chagas disease patients, here we tested the role of IL-1\u03b2 in CCC using a mouse model. Mice deficient in IL-1R expression (<jats:italic>Il-1r<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>) survived acute <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> infection with greater parasitemia than controls but did not lose weight as wild-type (WT) did. At the chronic stage, WT presented prolonged ventricular repolarization intervals (QJ), while <jats:italic>Il-1r<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic> presented intervals like noninfected controls. Infected <jats:italic>Il-1r<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic> and WT did not differ in stroke volume (SV), the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias on electrocardiography (EKG), whole heart action potential duration (APD), or the incidence of triggered activity after S1\u2013S2 protocol, which is a measure of susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmias. We also treated chronically infected WT mice with an IL-1R antagonist, anakinra. Treatment shortened the QJ interval but did not improve the SV or the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias on EKG. Anakinra failed to reduce triggered activity following the electrical extra-stimulation protocol. In conclusion, the absence of functional IL-1\u03b2\/IL-1R signaling did not prevent or reverse the decrease of SV or the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias induced by chronic <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> infection, implying this is not a critical mechanism in generating or maintaining CCC. Since similar cardiac abnormalities were previously credited to IL-1\u03b2 signaling, ruling out this mechanism is important to discourage further attempts of IL-1\u03b2 blockade as a therapeutical measure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1010257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T06:22:18Z","timestamp":1665728538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["IL-1\u03b2 is not critical to chronic heart dysfunction in mice with Chagas disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Camila Vict\u00f3ria","family":"Sousa 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