{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:45:57Z","timestamp":1792511157086,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Water temperature elevation as a consequence of global warming results in increased incidence of bacterial disease, such as edwardsiellosis, in fish farming. Edwardsiellosis is caused by the bacterial pathogen <jats:italic>Edwardsiella tarda<\/jats:italic> and affects many farmed fish including flounder (<jats:italic>Paralichthys olivaceus<\/jats:italic>). Currently, the effect of temperature on the metabolic response of flounder to <jats:italic>E. tarda<\/jats:italic> infection is unclear. In this study, we found that compared to low temperature (15\u00b0C), high temperature (23\u00b0C) enhanced <jats:italic>E. tarda<\/jats:italic> dissemination in flounder tissues. To examine the impact of temperature on the metabolism of flounder induced by <jats:italic>E. tarda<\/jats:italic>, comparative metabolomics were performed, which identified a large number of metabolites responsive to <jats:italic>E. tarda<\/jats:italic> invasion and temperature alteration. During <jats:italic>E. tarda<\/jats:italic> infection, the metabolic profile induced by elevated temperature was mainly featured by extensively decreased amino acids and TCA intermediates such as succinate, a proven immune regulator. Further, 38 potential metabolite markers of temperature effect (MMTE) in association with bacterial infection were identified. When used as exogenous supplements, two of the MMTE, i.e., L-methionine and UDP-glucose, effectively upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressed <jats:italic>E. tarda<\/jats:italic> infection in flounder leukocytes. Taken together, the results of this study indicate an important influence of temperature on the metabolism of flounder during bacterial infection, which eventually affects the survivability of the fish.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1010948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T08:39:37Z","timestamp":1663231177000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Temperature induces metabolic reprogramming in fish during bacterial infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boguang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"Impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture: synthesis of currrent knowledge, adaptation and mitigation options","author":"Barange","year":"2018"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2021.609097","article-title":"Climate change effects on aquaculture production: sustainability implications, mitigation, and adaptations","volume":"5","author":"Maulu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Sustain Food Syst"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091205","article-title":"Mediterranean Aquaculture in a changing climate: temperature effects on pathogens and diseases of three farmed fish species","volume":"10","author":"Cascarano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathog"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jwas.12853","article-title":"Responses of aquaculture fish to climate change-induced extreme temperatures: A review","volume":"53","author":"Islam","year":"2022","journal-title":"J World Aquacult Soc"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01991","article-title":"Metabolites-enabled survival of crucian carps infected by Edwardsiella tarda in high water temperature","volume":"10","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-007-0143-8","article-title":"Edwardsiellosis in fish: a brief review","volume":"32","author":"Mohanty","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biosci"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15735-6","article-title":"Aquaculture at the crossroads of global warming and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"11","author":"Reverter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8667(2000)012<0074:IOETAB>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Infections of Edwardsiella tarda among brook trout in Quebec","volume":"12","author":"Uhland","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Aquat Anim Health"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anu.12157","article-title":"Effect of dietary hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, non-specific immune response and disease resistance of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) challenged with","volume":"21","author":"Khosravi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Edwardsiella tarda. 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