{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T01:56:16Z","timestamp":1782957376333,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PLELC) is a distinctive subtype of non-small cell lung carcinoma that was not well presented in clinical studies. The management of advanced PLELC remains an important, unmet need due to the paucity of high-grade evidence. Herein, we carried out a multicenter, retrospective study to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for patients with advanced PLELC in the first-line setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective study enrolled patients with advanced PLELC receiving first-line treatment with PD-1 inhibition plus chemotherapy (IO-Chemo group) or chemotherapy alone (Chemo group) in three medical centers in China. The survival outcomes, efficacy, and safety profile were investigated. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 133 patients were enrolled. PFS was significantly longer in the IO-Chemo group (median 12.8 months [95% CI 5.2-20.4]) than that in the Chemo group (median 7.7 months [95% CI 6.8-8.6]; hazard ratio [HR] 0.48 [95% CI 0.31-0.74]; P=0.001). ORR was 74.5% (95% CI, 63.0-86.1) in the IO-Chemo group and 34.6% (95% CI, 24.1-45.2) in the Chemo group (P&amp;lt;0.001). The median OS was not reached in the IO-Chemo group versus 35.7 months (95% CI 26.7-44.8) in the Chemo group (HR 0.47 [95% CI 0.20-1.07]; P=0.065). Multivariate analysis revealed that PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitor combination was independently associated with longer PFS (HR 0.40 [95% CI 0.25-0.63]; P&amp;lt;0.001). Grade 3 or higher AEs occurred in 36 (65.5%) patients in the IO-Chemo group and 56 (71.8%) patients in the Chemo group, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with advanced PLELC, adding PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitor to platinum-based chemotherapy significantly increased PFS and ORR with a tolerable safety profile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1015444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T15:56:00Z","timestamp":1664466960000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["PD-1 inhibition plus platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) or PBC alone in the first-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like 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