{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T08:00:59Z","timestamp":1793952059595,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose of review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review aims to describe clinical and histological features, treatment, and prognosis in patients with anti-signal recognition particle (SRP) autoantibodies positive immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (SRP-IMNM) based on previous findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Previous findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti-SRP autoantibodies are specific in IMNM. Humoral autoimmune and inflammatory responses are the main autoimmune characteristics of SRP-IMNM. SRP-IMNM is clinically characterized by acute or subacute, moderately severe, symmetrical proximal weakness. Younger patients with SRP-IMNM tend to have more severe clinical symptoms. Patients with SRP-IMNM may be vulnerable to cardiac involvement, which ought to be regularly monitored and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is the recommended detection method. The pathological features of SRP-IMNM are patchy or diffuse myonecrosis and myoregeneration accompanied by a paucity of inflammatory infiltrates. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced autophagy pathway and necroptosis are activated in skeletal muscle of SRP-IMNM. Treatment of refractory SRP-IMNM encounters resistance and warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti-SRP autoantibodies define a unique population of IMNM patients. The immune and non-immune pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in SRP-IMNM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1019972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T03:09:49Z","timestamp":1665630589000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Anti-SRP immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: A critical review of current concepts"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xue","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bi-Tao","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502132920706","article-title":"Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (first of 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