{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:49:28Z","timestamp":1782848968701,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Allergic asthma is a chronic lung disease in which the lung inflammation and airway remodeling are orchestrated by both the inflammatory and the immune cells that creates a lung millieu that favors the perpetuation of clinical symptoms. The cell signaling in asthma involves the mast cells activation during initial contact with the allergen and, principally, the participation of eosinophils as well as Th2 cells which determine increased levels of IgE, exaggerated secretion of mucus and collagen, and bronchial hyperreactivity. Moreover, allergic asthma presents lower level of cytokines associated to the both Th1 and Treg cells response, and it implies in deficiency of anti-inflammatory response to counterregulate the exaggerated inflammation against allergen. Therefore, the equilibrium between cytokines as well as transcription factors associated to Th2, Th1, and Treg cells is compromised in allergic asthma. Imuno TF<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> is a food supplement with ability to interfere in immune system pathways. It has been previously demonstrated that Imuno TF<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> upregulated Th1 cell response whilst downregulated Th2 cell response in human lymphocytes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>For this reason, we hypothesized that the Imuno TF effect could be restore the balance between Th1\/Th2 CD4 T cells response in murine allergic asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Initially, animals were sensitized with OVA <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> i.p. and challenged with OVA i.n. on days 14, 15 and 16. Treatment with Imuno TF once a day was performed <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> orogastric from day 17 to day 20. Mice were euthanized on day 21.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Imuno TF reduced eosinophilia, mucus production, and airway remodeling (collagen deposition) in asthma mice. Imuno TF influenced cellular signaling associated to allergic asthma once downregulated STAT6 expression as well as decreased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in lung and serum. In addition, Imuno TF restored T-bet and Foxp3 expression as well as increased IL-12, IFN-\u0263, and IL-10.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultimately, Imuno TF mitigated the allergic asthma due to the restoration of balance between the responses of Th1\/Th2 as well as Treg cells, and their respective transcription factors the T-bet\/STAT6 and Foxp3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1030252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T19:39:12Z","timestamp":1672861152000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Transfer factors peptides (Imuno TF\u00ae) modulate the lung inflammation and airway remodeling in allergic asthma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Carlos Rocha","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Ol\u00edmpio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Aimbire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hudson","family":"Polonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35037000","article-title":"The epidemic of allergy and asthma","volume":"402","author":"Holgate","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2013.09.010","article-title":"What is asthma? 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