{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:36:01Z","timestamp":1793414161920,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011958","name":"Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011958","name":"Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015459","name":"Danish Cancer Society Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with hematological malignancies are prioritized for COVID-19 vaccine due to their high risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection-related disease and mortality. To understand T cell immunity, its long-term persistence, and its correlation with antibody response, we evaluated the BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-specific immune response in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and myeloid dysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. Longitudinal analysis of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells using DNA-barcoded peptide-MHC multimers covering the full SARS-CoV-2 Spike-protein (415 peptides) showed vaccine-specific T cell activation and persistence of memory T cells up to six months post-vaccination. Surprisingly, a higher frequency of vaccine-induced antigen-specific CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells was observed in the patient group compared to a healthy donor group. Furthermore, and importantly, immunization with the second booster dose significantly increased the frequency of antigen-specific CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells as well as the total number of T cell specificities. Altogether 59 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine-derived immunogenic responses were identified, of which 23 established long-term CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell memory response with a strong immunodominance for NYNYLYRLF (HLA-A24:02) and YLQPRTFLL (HLA-A02:01) epitopes. In summary, we mapped the vaccine-induced antigen-specific CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and showed a booster-specific activation and enrichment of memory T cells that could be important for long-term disease protection in this patient group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1035344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T20:29:49Z","timestamp":1673382589000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Three doses of BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine establish long-lasting CD8+ T cell immunity in CLL and MDS patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Susana Patricia Amaya","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ditte Stampe","family":"Hersby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamilla Kj\u00e6rgaard","family":"Munk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tripti","family":"Tamhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darya","family":"Trubach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Tagliamonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Buonaguro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Ortved","family":"Gang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sine Reker","family":"Hadrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil Kumar","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2005.12.013","article-title":"Infectious complications of chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"33","author":"Wadhwa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-020-00122-3","article-title":"The immuno-oncological challenge of COVID-19","author":"Derosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Cancer Nat Res"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-03-567388","article-title":"Perturbation of the normal immune system in patients with CLL","volume":"126","author":"Forconi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood Am Soc Hematology"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01177-0","article-title":"COVID-19 infection in adult patients with hematological malignancies: a European hematology association survey (EPICOVIDEHA)","volume":"14","author":"Pagano","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020006965","article-title":"Outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with CLL: a multicenter international experience","volume":"136","author":"Mato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0959-x","article-title":"COVID-19 severity and mortality in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a joint study by ERIC, the European research initiative on CLL, and CLL campus","volume":"34","author":"Scarf\u00f2","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"abm0829","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm0829","article-title":"mRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern","volume":"374","author":"Goel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci (80- ). 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