{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T13:13:20Z","timestamp":1783689200716,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The MHC-<jats:italic>self<\/jats:italic>immunopeptidome of professional antigen presenting cells is a cognate ligand for the TCRs expressed on both conventional and thymic-derived natural regulatory T cells. In regulatory T cells, the TCR signaling associated with MHC-peptide recognition induces antigen specific as well as bystander immunosuppression. On the other hand, TCR activation of conventional T cells is associated with protective immunity. As such the peripheral T cell repertoire is populated by a number of T cells with different phenotypes and different TCRs, which can recognize the same MHC-self-peptide complex, resulting in opposite immunological outcomes. This article summarizes what is known about regulatory and conventional T cell recognition of the MHC-self-immunopeptidome at steady state and in inflammatory conditions associated with increased T and B cell self-reactivity, discussing how changes in the MHC-ligandome including epitope copy number and post-translational modifications can tilt the balance toward the expansion of pro-inflammatory or regulatory T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1035363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T08:55:51Z","timestamp":1667379351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The yin\/yang balance of the MHC-self-immunopeptidome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Santambrogio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90578-8","article-title":"The effect of thymus environment on T cell development and tolerance","volume":"53","author":"Marrack","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2011.03547.x","article-title":"T-Cell receptor affinity in thymic development","volume":"135","author":"Moran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(94)90003-5","article-title":"Thymic 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