{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:14:55Z","timestamp":1787026495833,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Monkeypox is a viral etiological agent with hallmarks analogous to those observed in smallpox cases in the past. The ongoing outbreak of Monkeypox viral infection is becoming a global health problem. Multi-valent peptide based next generation vaccines provides us a promising solution to combat these emerging infectious diseases by eliciting cell-mediated and humoral immune response. Considering the success rate of subtractive proteomics pipeline and reverse vaccinology approach, in this study, we have developed a novel, next-generation, multi-valent,\n                    <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    peptide based vaccine construct by employing cell surface binding protein. After analyzing physiochemical and biological properties of the selected target, the protein was subjected to B cell derived T cell epitope mapping. Iterative scrutinization lead to the identification of two highly antigenic, virulent, non-allergic, non-toxic, water soluble, and Interferon-gamma inducer epitopes i.e. HYITENYRN and TTSPVRENY. We estimated that the shortlisted epitopes for vaccine construction, roughly correspond to 99.74% of the world\u2019s population. UK, Finland and Sweden had the highest overall population coverage at 100% which is followed by Austria (99.99%), Germany (99.99%), France (99.98%), Poland (99.96), Croatia (99.93), Czech Republic (99.87%), Belgium (99.87), Italy (99.86%), China (97.83%), India (97.35%) and Pakistan (97.13%). The designed vaccine construct comprises of 150 amino acids with a molecular weight of 16.97242 kDa. Molecular docking studies of the modelled MEMPV (Multi-epitope Monkeypox Vaccine) with MHC I (PDB ID: 1I1Y), MHC II (PDB ID: 1KG0), and other immune mediators i.e. toll like receptors TLR3 (PDB ID: 2A0Z), and TLR4 (PDB ID: 4G8A) revealed strong binding affinity with immune receptors. Host immune simulation results predicted that the designed vaccine has strong potency to induce immune responses against target pathogen in the form of cellular and antibody-dependent immunity. Our findings suggest that the hypothesized vaccine candidate can be utilized as a potential therapeutic against Monkeypox however experimental study is required to validate the results and safe immunogenicity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1035924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T03:43:43Z","timestamp":1667360623000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Immuno-informatics profiling of monkeypox virus cell surface binding protein for designing a next generation multi-valent peptide-based vaccine"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Maha","family":"Yousaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saba","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asad","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabana","family":"Bibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.01.25.919332","article-title":"Scrutinizing surface glycoproteins and poxin-schlafen protein to design a heterologous recombinant vaccine against monkeypox virus","author":"Hoque","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2008.02.006","article-title":"Human monkeypox","volume":"57","author":"Chastel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pathol Biol (Paris)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010141","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox\u2013a potential threat? a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Bunge","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007791","article-title":"A systematic review of the epidemiology of human monkeypox outbreaks and implications for outbreak strategy","volume":"13","author":"Beer","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12691\/ajidm-5-2-4","article-title":"Epidemiology, diagnosis, and control of monkeypox disease: A comprehensive review","volume":"5","author":"Pal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Infect Dis Microbiol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.428","article-title":"Extended interhuman transmission of monkeypox in a hospital community in the republic of the Congo, 2003","volume":"73","author":"Learned","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.005108-0","article-title":"A prairie dog animal model of systemic orthopoxvirus disease using West African and Congo basin strains of monkeypox virus","volume":"90","author":"Hutson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-253045-6.50011-0","article-title":"Human monkeypox","volume":"17","author":"Je\u017eek","year":"1988","journal-title":"S. 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