{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:33:12Z","timestamp":1793406792238,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":199,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural killer T cells (NKTs) are an important part of the immune system. Since their discovery in the 1990s, researchers have gained deeper insights into the physiology and functions of these cells in many liver diseases. NKT cells are divided into two subsets, type I and type II. Type I NKT cells are also named iNKT cells as they express a semi-invariant T cell-receptor (TCR) \u03b1 chain. As part of the innate immune system, hepatic iNKT cells interact with hepatocytes, macrophages (Kupffer cells), T cells, and dendritic cells through direct cell-to-cell contact and cytokine secretion, bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems. A better understanding of hepatic iNKT cells is necessary for finding new methods of treating liver disease including autoimmune liver diseases, alcoholic liver diseases (ALDs), non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs), and liver tumors. Here we summarize how iNKT cells are activated, how they interact with other cells, and how they function in the presence of liver disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1035950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T07:56:33Z","timestamp":1666770993000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["New insights into iNKT cells and their roles in liver diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingfei","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haihong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/7.7.1157","article-title":"Predominant expression of invariant V alpha 14+ TCR alpha chain in NK1.1+ T cell populations","volume":"7","author":"Makino","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.718350","article-title":"NKT cells contribute to the control of microbial infections","volume":"11","author":"Vogt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01838","article-title":"Tissue-specific roles of NKT cells in tumor immunity","volume":"9","author":"Terabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69511-0_10","article-title":"NKT cells and autoimmune diseases: unraveling the complexity","volume":"314","author":"Miyake","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141711","article-title":"The biology of NKT cells","volume":"25","author":"Bendelac","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.02.032","article-title":"NKT-cell subsets: promoters and protectors in inflammatory liver disease","volume":"59","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2015.1056738","article-title":"Natural killer T cells in liver injury, inflammation and cancer","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03408","article-title":"Exogenous and endogenous glycolipid antigens activate NKT cells during microbial infections","volume":"434","author":"Mattner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-017-0325-0","article-title":"Tailored design of NKT-stimulatory glycolipids for polarization of immune responses","volume":"24","author":"Hung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J BioMed Sci"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400699","article-title":"Recognition of lysophosphatidylcholine by type II NKT cells and protection from an inflammatory liver disease","volume":"193","author":"Maricic","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02082","article-title":"Complex network of NKT cell subsets controls immune homeostasis in liver and gut","volume":"9","author":"Marrero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20070328","article-title":"Hepatic NKT cells: Friend or foe","volume":"114","author":"Swain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"B13","article-title":"KRN7000, a novel immunomodulator, and its antitumor activities","volume":"7","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Oncol Res"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-010-0616-7","article-title":"Human leukemic cells loaded with alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) activate murine NKT cells in situ","volume":"92","author":"Shimizu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200007)30:7<1919::Aid-immu1919>3.0.Co;2-3","article-title":"Activation of hepatic NKT cells and subsequent liver injury following administration of alpha-galactosylceramide","volume":"30","author":"Osman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200839195","article-title":"IL-18 skews the invariant NKT-cell population via autoreactive activation in atopic eczema","volume":"39","author":"Lind","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.2.945","article-title":"IL-18 enhances IL-4 production by ligand-activated NKT lymphocytes: A pro-Th2 effect of IL-18 exerted through NKT cells","volume":"166","author":"Leite-De-Moraes","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636465","article-title":"IL-18 time-dependently modulates Th1\/Th2 cytokine production by ligand-activated NKT cells","volume":"37","author":"Uchida","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.247","article-title":"CXCR6 inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis by promoting natural killer T- and CD4(+) T-Cell-Dependent control of senescence","volume":"156","author":"Mossanen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2012.05.019","article-title":"Ex-vivo \u03b1-galactosylceramide activation of NKT cells in humans and macaques","volume":"382","author":"Fernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.581301","article-title":"Natural killer T-cell agonist \u03b1-galactosylceramide and PD-1 blockade synergize to reduce tumor development in a preclinical model of colon cancer","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003659","article-title":"\u03b1-galactosylceramide-induced airway eosinophilia is mediated through the activation of NKT cells","volume":"186","author":"Chuang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200912-1921OC","article-title":"Alpha-galactosylceramide as a therapeutic agent for pulmonary mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"182","author":"Sada-Ovalle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1531","article-title":"Alpha-galactosylceramide therapy for autoimmune diseases: prospects and obstacles","volume":"5","author":"Van Kaer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci26297","article-title":"Activation or anergy: NKT cells are stunned by alpha-galactosylceramide","volume":"115","author":"Sullivan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.01.022","article-title":"Activated natural killer T cells induce liver injury by fas and tumor necrosis factor-alpha during alcohol consumption","volume":"126","author":"Minagawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11163","article-title":"CD1d-mediated stimulation of natural killer T cells selectively activates hepatic natural killer cells to eliminate experimentally disseminated hepatoma cells in murine liver","volume":"106","author":"Miyagi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22813","article-title":"Diverse roles of invariant natural killer T cells in liver injury and fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride","volume":"49","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.10.6452","article-title":"Cutting edge: nonglycosidic CD1d lipid ligands activate human and murine invariant NKT cells","volume":"180","author":"Silk","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202000609","article-title":"A designed \u03b1-GalCer analog promotes considerable Th1 cytokine response by activating the CD1d-iNKT axis and CD11b-positive Monocytes\/Macrophages","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja8064182","article-title":"6'-derivatised alpha-GalCer analogues capable of inducing strong CD1d-mediated Th1-biased NKT cell responses in mice","volume":"130","author":"Trappeniers","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1006662107","article-title":"Design of a potent CD1d-binding NKT cell ligand as a vaccine adjuvant","volume":"107","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.8b00312","article-title":"Synthesis, liposomal formulation, and immunological evaluation of a minimalistic carbohydrate-\u03b1-GalCer vaccine candidate","volume":"61","author":"Broecker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1021\/cb800277n","article-title":"Alpha anomers of iGb3 and Gb3 stimulate cytokine production by natural killer T cells","volume":"4","author":"Yin","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr801040h","article-title":"Immunologic glycosphingolipidomics and NKT cell development in mouse thymus","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.2000.01189.x","article-title":"Structural analysis of two glycosphingolipids from the lipopolysaccharide-lacking bacterium sphingomonas capsulata","volume":"267","author":"Kawahara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045348","article-title":"Direct engagement of TLR4 in invariant NKT cells regulates immune diseases by differential IL-4 and IFN-\u03b3 production in mice","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19453","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76659-1","article-title":"Unveiling the heterogeneity of NKT cells in the liver through single cell RNA sequencing","volume":"10","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.2.693","article-title":"In vivo hydrodynamic delivery of cDNA encoding IL-2: rapid, sustained redistribution, activation of mouse NK cells, and therapeutic potential in the absence of NKT cells","volume":"175","author":"Ortaldo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2005.05.007","article-title":"Cytokine production and migration of in vitro-expanded NK1.1(-) invariant Valpha14 natural killer T (Valpha14i NKT) cells using alpha-galactosylceramide and IL-2","volume":"101","author":"Ikarashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000425","article-title":"IL-12p35 promotes antibody-induced joint inflammation by activating NKT cells and suppressing TGF-beta","volume":"185","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202814","article-title":"Tim-3\/galectin-9 regulate the homeostasis of hepatic NKT cells in a murine model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"190","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0535482100","article-title":"IL-15 availability conditions homeostasis of peripheral natural killer T cells","volume":"100","author":"Ranson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737830","article-title":"Rel\/NF-kappaB family member RelA regulates NK1.1- to NK1.1+ transition as well as IL-15-induced expansion of NKT cells","volume":"38","author":"Vallabhapurapu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20120289","article-title":"NF-\u03baB1 deficiency stimulates the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in mice by promoting NKT-cell-mediated responses","volume":"124","author":"Locatelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.5.2827","article-title":"IL-21 is produced by NKT cells and modulates NKT cell activation and cytokine production","volume":"178","author":"Coquet","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2013.7","article-title":"IL-21 modulates activation of NKT cells in patients with stage IV malignant melanoma","volume":"2","author":"Coquet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Transl Immunol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300328","article-title":"Critical role of dendritic cell-derived IL-27 in antitumor immunity through regulating the recruitment and activation of NK and NKT cells","volume":"191","author":"Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-012-0938-4","article-title":"Blockade of IL-33 ameliorates con a-induced hepatic injury by reducing NKT cell activation and IFN-\u03b3 production in mice","volume":"90","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.8.18.9321","article-title":"Interleukin-2 gene transfer potentiates the alpha-galactosylceramide-stimulated antitumor effect by the induction of TRAIL in NKT and NK cells in mouse models of subcutaneous and metastatic carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Nishihori","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Ther"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701801","article-title":"Elevated hepatic CD1d levels coincide with invariant NKT cell defects in chronic hepatitis b virus infection","volume":"200","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.6.2953","article-title":"In vivo antitumor activity of NKT cells activated by the combination of IL-12 and IL-18","volume":"171","author":"Baxevanis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.5.2217","article-title":"IL-18 augments perforin-dependent cytotoxicity of liver NK-T cells","volume":"161","author":"Dao","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.Can-06-0811","article-title":"Enhanced antitumor response by divergent modulation of natural killer and natural killer T cells in the liver","volume":"66","author":"Subleski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.05.008","article-title":"The chemokine superfamily revisited","volume":"36","author":"Zlotnik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a016303","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016303","article-title":"The chemokine system in innate immunity","volume":"7","author":"Sokol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra052723","article-title":"The many roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in inflammation","volume":"354","author":"Charo","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.1.313","article-title":"MIP-2 recruits NKT cells to the spleen during tolerance induction","volume":"166","author":"Faunce","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.10.5252","article-title":"C-c chemokine ligand 2\/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 directly inhibits NKT cell IL-4 production and is hepatoprotective in T cell-mediated hepatitis in the mouse","volume":"170","author":"Ajuebor","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.5.2571","article-title":"CD1d-restricted NKT cells express a chemokine receptor profile indicative of Th1-type inflammatory homing cells","volume":"171","author":"Thomas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2011.02580.x","article-title":"Tumour-loaded \u03b1-type 1-polarized dendritic cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia produce a superior NK-, NKT- and CD8+ T cell-attracting chemokine profile","volume":"74","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.12.8027","article-title":"Lack of chemokine receptor CCR5 promotes murine fulminant liver failure by preventing the apoptosis of activated CD1d-restricted NKT cells","volume":"174","author":"Ajuebor","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e113","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030113","article-title":"Intravascular immune surveillance by CXCR6+ NKT cells patrolling liver sinusoids","volume":"3","author":"Geissmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"PloS Biol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.04.021","article-title":"CXCR6 deficiency ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury by reducing the recruitment and cytokine production of hepatic NKT cells in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"72","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.12.8172","article-title":"Critical role for CXC chemokine ligand 16 (SR-PSOX) in Th1 response mediated by NKT cells","volume":"179","author":"Shimaoka","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047487","article-title":"Interruption of CXCL13-CXCR5 axis increases upper genital tract pathology and activation of NKT cells following chlamydial genital infection","volume":"7","author":"Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401601","article-title":"The thymic microenvironment differentially regulates development and trafficking of invariant NKT cell sublineages","volume":"193","author":"Drennan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-5465com","article-title":"The neuronal chemokine CX3CL1\/fractalkine selectively recruits NK cells that modify experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis within the central nervous system","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.03.022","article-title":"Leishmania donovani mediated higher expression of CCL4 induces differential accumulation of CD4(+)CD56(+)NKT and CD8(+)CD56(+)NKT cells at infection site","volume":"110","author":"Kumari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.1.81","article-title":"Critical role for the chemokine receptor CXCR6 in homeostasis and activation of CD1d-restricted NKT cells","volume":"181","author":"Germanov","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B71","article-title":"Activation of the CXCL16\/CXCR6 pathway promotes lipid deposition in fatty livers of apolipoprotein e knockout mice and HepG2 cells","volume":"10","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00762","article-title":"CXC motif ligand 16 promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression via hepatocyte-stellate cell crosstalk","volume":"103","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2018.11.020","article-title":"CXCR6 protects from inflammation and fibrosis in NEMO(LPC-KO) mice","volume":"1865","author":"Liepelt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700603","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress, hepatocyte CD1d and NKT cell abnormalities in murine fatty livers","volume":"87","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21597","article-title":"Impairment of liver regeneration correlates with activated hepatic NKT cells in HBV transgenic mice","volume":"45","author":"Dong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201181","article-title":"Role of hepatocyte-derived IL-7 in maintenance of intrahepatic NKT cells and T cells and development of b cells in fetal liver","volume":"189","author":"Liang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/critrevimmunol.v26.i5.50","article-title":"The role of NKT cells in animal models of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"26","author":"Dennert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.4.1441","article-title":"Initiation of liver growth by tumor necrosis factor: deficient liver regeneration in mice lacking type I tumor necrosis factor receptor","volume":"94","author":"Yamada","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.06.003","article-title":"Role of NKT cells in autoimmune liver disease","volume":"10","author":"Santodomingo-Garzon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12789","article-title":"Protein s exacerbates alcoholic hepatitis by stimulating liver natural killer T cells","volume":"13","author":"Chelakkot-Govindalayathil","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2014.09.003","article-title":"Metabolic activation of intrahepatic CD8+ T cells and NKT cells causes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver cancer via cross-talk with hepatocytes","volume":"26","author":"Wolf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0304197","article-title":"Role of NK and NKT cells in the immunopathogenesis of HCV-induced hepatitis","volume":"76","author":"Ahmad","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1590\/s0036-46652005000200003","article-title":"Rat hepatocyte invasion by listeria monocytogenes and analysis of TNF-alpha role in apoptosis","volume":"47","author":"Santos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1303218110","article-title":"(NKT)-b-cell interactions promote prolonged antibody responses and long-term memory to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides","volume":"110","author":"Bai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0264-410x(03)00200-7","article-title":"Innate immune responses support adaptive immunity: NKT cells induce b cell activation","author":"Galli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801375105","article-title":"NK T cells provide lipid antigen-specific cognate help for b cells","volume":"105","author":"Leadbetter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2172","article-title":"Invariant natural killer T cells direct b cell responses to cognate lipid antigen in an IL-21-dependent manner","volume":"13","author":"King","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2014.01.007","article-title":"Invariant NKT cells provide innate and adaptive help for b cells","volume":"28","author":"Vomhof-DeKrey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.06.007","article-title":"Rapid activation and hepatic recruitment of innate-like regulatory b cells after invariant NKT cell stimulation in mice","volume":"63","author":"Almishri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081949","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory activated kupffer cells by lipids induce hepatic NKT cells deficiency through activation-induced cell death","volume":"8","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079702","article-title":"Cross-activating invariant NKT cells and kupffer cells suppress cholestatic liver injury in a mouse model of biliary obstruction","volume":"8","author":"Duwaerts","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939863","article-title":"Leishmania donovani-induced expression of signal regulatory protein alpha on kupffer cells enhances hepatic invariant NKT-cell activation","volume":"40","author":"Beattie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2015.111","article-title":"CD205-TLR9-IL-12 axis contributes to CpG-induced oversensitive liver injury in HBsAg transgenic mice by promoting the interaction of NKT cells with kupffer cells","volume":"14","author":"Hou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.12.027","article-title":"Invariant NKT cells promote alcohol-induced steatohepatitis through interleukin-1\u03b2 in mice","volume":"62","author":"Cui","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02586.x","article-title":"Hepatic interleuklin 15 (IL-15) expression: implications for local NK\/NKT cell homeostasis and development","volume":"138","author":"Golden-Mason","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9440(10)63880-1","article-title":"AIM inhibits apoptosis of T cells and NKT cells in corynebacterium-induced granuloma formation in mice","volume":"162","author":"Kuwata","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033413","article-title":"Invariant NKT cells drive hepatic cytokinic microenvironment favoring efficient granuloma formation and early control of leishmania donovani infection","volume":"7","author":"Robert-Gangneux","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0800973","article-title":"TLR-9 activation aggravates concanavalin a-induced hepatitis via promoting accumulation and activation of liver CD4+ NKT cells","volume":"182","author":"Jiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12238","article-title":"Differential dendritic cell-mediated activation and functions of invariant NKT-cell subsets in oral cancer","volume":"21","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1111559","article-title":"Differential contribution of dendritic cell CD1d to NKT cell-enhanced humoral immunity and CD8+ T cell activation","volume":"91","author":"Joshi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/imt.11.117","article-title":"The split personality of NKT cells in malignancy, autoimmune and allergic disorders","volume":"3","author":"Subleski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401751","article-title":"Activated NKT cells can condition different splenic dendritic cell subsets to respond more effectively to TLR engagement and enhance cross-priming","volume":"195","author":"Osmond","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.5.2721","article-title":"Dendritic cell function can be modulated through cooperative actions of TLR ligands and invariant NKT cells","volume":"178","author":"Hermans","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21447","article-title":"Intrahepatic delivery of alpha-galactosylceramide-pulsed dendritic cells suppresses liver tumor","volume":"45","author":"Tatsumi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737660","article-title":"Intradermal NKT cell activation during DNA priming in heterologous prime-boost vaccination enhances T cell responses and protection against leishmania","volume":"38","author":"Dondji","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.10.5140","article-title":"NKT cells enhance CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to soluble antigen in vivo through direct interaction with dendritic cells","volume":"171","author":"Hermans","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.404","article-title":"Invariant NKT cells suppress CD8(+) T-cell-mediated allergic contact dermatitis independently of regulatory CD4(+) T cells","volume":"133","author":"Goubier","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903121","article-title":"NKT cell-dependent regulation of secondary antigen-specific, conventional CD4+ T cell immune responses","volume":"184","author":"Shin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2006.02346.x","article-title":"NKT cells play critical roles in the induction of oral tolerance by inducing regulatory T cells producing IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta, and by clonally deleting antigen-specific T cells","volume":"118","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027038","article-title":"The interaction between regulatory T cells and NKT cells in the liver: a CD1d bridge links innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"6","author":"Hua","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2006.05.003","article-title":"CD4+CD25+ tregs and NKT cells: regulators regulating regulators","volume":"27","author":"La Cava","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxn046","article-title":"Role of Valpha14+ NKT cells in the development of hepatitis b virus-specific CTL: activation of Valpha14+ NKT cells promotes the breakage of CTL tolerance","volume":"20","author":"Ito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0708968104","article-title":"Blockade of NKG2D on NKT cells prevents hepatitis and the acute immune response to hepatitis b virus","volume":"104","author":"Vilarinho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26353","article-title":"Innate immune responses in hepatitis c virus-exposed healthcare workers who do not develop acute infection","volume":"58","author":"Werner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2013.09.008","article-title":"(NKT) cells in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"25","author":"Mattner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800614","article-title":"Differential activation of hepatic invariant NKT cell subsets plays a key role in progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"201","author":"Maricic","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8197937","article-title":"The role of invariant NKT in autoimmune liver disease: Can vitamin d act as an immunomodulator","volume":"2018","author":"Smyk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26471","article-title":"Invariant NKT cell activation induces neutrophil accumulation and hepatitis: opposite regulation by IL-4 and IFN-\u03b3","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27392","article-title":"IL-30 (IL27p28) attenuates liver fibrosis through inducing NKG2D-rae1 interaction between NKT and activated hepatic stellate cells in mice","volume":"60","author":"Mitra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/850836","article-title":"Role of NKT cells in the pathogenesis of NAFLD","volume":"2012","author":"Tajiri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Hepatol"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301857","article-title":"NKT-associated hedgehog and osteopontin drive fibrogenesis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"61","author":"Syn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2010.10.6.181","article-title":"Involvement of hepatic innate immunity in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"10","author":"Byun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2017.10.007","article-title":"Amelioration of NK cell function driven by V\u03b124(+) invariant NKT cell activation in multiple myeloma","volume":"187","author":"Iyoda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201445209","article-title":"Activated NKT cells imprint NK-cell differentiation, functionality and education","volume":"45","author":"Riese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci128075","article-title":"Post-sepsis immunosuppression depends on NKT cell regulation of mTOR\/IFN-\u03b3 in NK cells","volume":"130","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01414","article-title":"Suppression of natural killer cell activity by regulatory NKT10 cells aggravates alcoholic hepatosteatosis","volume":"8","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00561-z","article-title":"Innate lymphocytes: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of liver diseases and cancer","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(15)61412-x","article-title":"Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis b virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013","volume":"386","author":"Schweitzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.07.027","article-title":"Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis c virus infection","volume":"61","author":"Gower","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2811","article-title":"Hepatitis b virus-induced lipid alterations contribute to natural killer T cell-dependent protective immunity","volume":"18","author":"Zeissig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.7.921","article-title":"Natural killer T cell activation inhibits hepatitis b virus replication","volume":"192","author":"Kakimi","year":"2000","journal-title":"vivo J Exp Med"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1074-7613(02)00305-9","article-title":"Activation of a nonclassical NKT cell subset in a transgenic mouse model of hepatitis b virus infection","volume":"16","author":"Baron","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2011.01457.x","article-title":"Epidemic of hepatitis b with high mortality in India: association of fulminant disease with lack of CCL4 and natural killer T cells","volume":"18","author":"Tripathy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028871","article-title":"Restored circulating invariant NKT cells are associated with viral control in patients with chronic hepatitis b","volume":"6","author":"Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-015-2539-3","article-title":"Roles of the programmed cell death 1, T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3, and cluster of differentiation 288 pathways in the low reactivity of invariant natural killer T cells after chronic hepatitis b virus infection","volume":"160","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23983","article-title":"Accelerated liver fibrosis in hepatitis b virus transgenic mice: involvement of natural killer T cells","volume":"53","author":"Jin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12775","article-title":"Hyperactivated peripheral invariant natural killer T cells correlate with the progression of HBV-relative liver cirrhosis","volume":"90","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2014.03.013","article-title":"A possible role for NKT-like cells in patients with chronic hepatitis b during telbivudine treatment","volume":"160","author":"Diao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/imp1295","article-title":"Alpha-galactosylceramide in chronic hepatitis b infection: results from a randomized placebo-controlled phase I\/II trial","volume":"14","author":"Woltman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.76.21.10702-10707.2002","article-title":"Interleukin-18 inhibits hepatitis b virus replication in the livers of transgenic mice","volume":"76","author":"Kimura","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1386-6346(02)00145-6","article-title":"Thymosin-alpha1 increases intrahepatic NKT cells and CTLs in patients with chronic hepatitis b","volume":"24","author":"Sugahara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.03.026","article-title":"Beta-glycoglycosphingolipid-induced augmentation of the anti-HBV immune response is associated with altered CD8 and NKT lymphocyte distribution: a novel adjuvant for HBV vaccination","volume":"26","author":"Mizrahi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12061","article-title":"PD-1\/PDL1 and CD28\/CD80 pathways modulate natural killer T cell function to inhibit hepatitis b virus replication","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.3.2159","article-title":"Hepatic CD1d expression in hepatitis c virus infection and recognition by resident proinflammatory CD1d-reactive T cells","volume":"173","author":"Durante-Mangoni","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.1.105","article-title":"Augmentation of Valpha14 NKT cell-mediated cytotoxicity by interleukin 4 in an autocrine mechanism resulting in the development of concanavalin a-induced hepatitis","volume":"191","author":"Kaneko","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-8278(02)00072-7","article-title":"Decrease in hepatic CD56(+) T cells and V alpha 24(+) natural killer T cells in chronic hepatitis c viral infection","volume":"37","author":"Deignan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.77.3.2251-2257.2003","article-title":"Frequency and phenotype of circulating Valpha24\/Vbeta11 double-positive natural killer T cells during hepatitis c virus infection","volume":"77","author":"Lucas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2004.10.001","article-title":"Circulating Valpha24+Vbeta11+ NKT cell numbers and dendritic cell CD1d expression in hepatitis c virus infected patients","volume":"114","author":"van der Vliet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i20.4848","article-title":"Immunological changes in different patient populations with chronic hepatitis c virus infection","volume":"22","author":"Szereday","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2007.00236.x","article-title":"Innate immunity in hepatitis c virus infection: Interplay among dendritic cells, natural killer cells and natural killer T cells","author":"Kanto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2008.00317.x","article-title":"Sustained response to interferon-alpha plus ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis c is closely associated with increased dynamism of intrahepatic natural killer and natural killer T cells","volume":"38","author":"Yamagiwa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012232","article-title":"Innate immune function in placenta and cord blood of hepatitis c\u2013seropositive mother-infant dyads","volume":"5","author":"Hurtado","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172412","article-title":"Interferon alpha treatment stimulates interferon gamma expression in type I NKT cells and enhances their antiviral effect against hepatitis c virus","volume":"12","author":"Miyaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci38374","article-title":"Adoptive immunotherapy with liver allograft-derived lymphocytes induces anti-HCV activity after liver transplantation in humans and humanized mice","volume":"119","author":"Ohira","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2004.0935.x","article-title":"Induction of oral immune regulation towards liver-extracted proteins for treatment of chronic HBV and HCV hepatitis: results of a phase I clinical trial","volume":"24","author":"Israeli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20181123","article-title":"Immunological abnormalities in patients with primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"133","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27632","article-title":"Inhibition of type I natural killer T cells by retinoids or following sulfatide-mediated activation of type II natural killer T cells attenuates alcoholic liver disease in mice","volume":"61","author":"Maricic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2015.06","article-title":"Invariant natural killer T cells contribute to chronic-plus-binge ethanol-mediated liver injury by promoting hepatic neutrophil infiltration","volume":"13","author":"Mathews","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1950","article-title":"Adoptive transfer of regulatory NKT lymphocytes ameliorates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and glucose intolerance in ob\/ob mice and is associated with intrahepatic CD8 trapping","volume":"209","author":"Elinav","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-11-752444","article-title":"Invariant natural killer T cells ameliorate murine chronic GVHD by expanding donor regulatory T cells","volume":"129","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.S220030","article-title":"Diammonium glycyrrhizinate mitigates liver injury Via inhibiting proliferation of NKT cells and promoting proliferation of tregs","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106518","article-title":"Mitochondrial-targeted ubiquinone alleviates concanavalin a-induced hepatitis via immune modulation","volume":"84","author":"Desta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B163","article-title":"Secoemestrin c inhibits activation of NKT\/conventional T cells and protects against concanavalin a-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice","volume":"12","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2021.104467","article-title":"C6orf120 gene knockout in rats mitigates concanavalin a\u2212induced autoimmune hepatitis via regulating NKT cells","volume":"371","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01065","article-title":"Inflammatory phenotype of intrahepatic sulfatide-reactive type II NKT cells in humans with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"10","author":"Sebode","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.05.024","article-title":"Crosstalk between type II NKT cells and T cells leads to spontaneous chronic inflammatory liver disease","volume":"67","author":"Weng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci31602","article-title":"Type II NKT cell-mediated anergy induction in type I NKT cells prevents inflammatory liver disease","volume":"117","author":"Halder","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-009-0152-9","article-title":"The immunopathogenesis of alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: two triggers for one disease","volume":"31","author":"Valenti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/s0741-8329(02)00208-2","article-title":"Lymphocyte recruitment to the liver in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"27","author":"Haydon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310585","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota contributes to individual susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease","volume":"65","author":"Llopis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017931","article-title":"Alcohol facilitates CD1d loading, subsequent activation of NKT cells, and reduces the incidence of diabetes in NOD mice","volume":"6","author":"Buschard","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11020305","article-title":"Increased natural killer cells are associated with alcohol liver fibrosis and with T cell and cytotoxic subpopulations change","volume":"11","author":"Zuluaga","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26748","article-title":"Opposing effects of prednisolone treatment on T\/NKT cell- and hepatotoxin-mediated hepatitis in mice","volume":"59","author":"Kwon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M003004","article-title":"Dietary fatty acids modulate antigen presentation to hepatic NKT cells in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"51","author":"Hua","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.05.025","article-title":"Probiotics improve high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance by increasing hepatic NKT cells","volume":"49","author":"Ma","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20320","article-title":"Norepinephrine regulates hepatic innate immune system in leptin-deficient mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2016.3753","article-title":"Oral administration of \u03b2-glucosylceramide for the treatment of insulin resistance and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Lalazar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1869","article-title":"Amelioration of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and glucose intolerance in ob\/ob mice by oral immune regulation towards liver-extracted proteins is associated with elevated intrahepatic NKT lymphocytes and serum IL-10 levels","volume":"208","author":"Elinav","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04511.x","article-title":"Oral administration of immunoglobulin G-enhanced colostrum alleviates insulin resistance and liver injury and is associated with alterations in natural killer T cells","volume":"167","author":"Adar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i39.8760","article-title":"Oral administration of a non-absorbable plant cell-expressed recombinant anti-TNF fusion protein induces immunomodulatory effects and alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"22","author":"Ilan","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaan5931","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan5931","article-title":"Gut microbiome-mediated bile acid metabolism regulates liver cancer via NKT cells","volume":"360","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/868345","article-title":"Antitumor immunity produced by the liver kupffer cells, NK cells, NKT cells, and CD8 CD122 T cells","volume":"2011","author":"Seki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.07.010","article-title":"Application of tissue-specific NK and NKT cell activity for tumor immunotherapy","volume":"33","author":"Subleski","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.3.1197","article-title":"The contribution of NKT cells, NK cells, and other gamma-chain-dependent non-T non-b cells to IL-12-mediated rejection of tumors","volume":"170","author":"Park","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1997.00383.x","article-title":"Antimetastatic effect of NK1+ T cells on experimental haematogenous tumour metastases in the liver and lungs of mice","volume":"92","author":"Seki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.4.661","article-title":"Differential tumor surveillance by natural killer (NK) and NKT cells","volume":"191","author":"Smyth","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0215(20010215)91:4<523::aid-ijc1087>3.0.co;2-l","article-title":"Inhibition of tumor metastasis by adoptive transfer of IL-12-activated Valpha14 NKT cells","volume":"91","author":"Shin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803520","article-title":"Enhanced tumor metastasis in response to blockade of the chemokine receptor CXCR6 is overcome by NKT cell activation","volume":"183","author":"Cullen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20889","article-title":"Suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma by transplantation of ex-vivo immune-modulated NKT lymphocytes","volume":"115","author":"Margalit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11201","article-title":"NKT and CD8 lymphocytes mediate suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma growth via tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cells","volume":"106","author":"Shibolet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000078334","article-title":"Suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma growth via oral immune regulation towards tumor-associated antigens is associated with increased NKT and CD8+ lymphocytes","volume":"66","author":"Shibolet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2008.74","article-title":"Enhanced oncolytic potency of vesicular stomatitis virus through vector-mediated inhibition of NK and NKT cells","volume":"16","author":"Altomonte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2004.12.005","article-title":"Immunopotentiation of NKT cells by low-protein diet and the suppressive effect on tumor metastasis","volume":"231","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402x.2021.2002068","article-title":"PD-1 blockade improves the anti-tumor potency of exhausted CD3(+)CD56(+) NKT-like cells in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Tao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2020.12.015","article-title":"The effects of stereotactic body radiotherapy on peripheral natural killer and CD3(+)CD56(+) NKT-like cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2015.115","article-title":"NKT cell subsets as key participants in liver physiology and pathology","volume":"13","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2007.05.008","article-title":"NKT cells in immunoregulation of tumor immunity: a new immunoregulatory axis","volume":"28","author":"Terabe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3437","article-title":"Innate-like functions of natural killer T cell subsets result from highly divergent gene programs","volume":"17","author":"Engel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108116","article-title":"High dimensional single-cell analysis reveals iNKT cell developmental trajectories and effector fate decision","volume":"32","author":"Baranek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1035950\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T00:46:28Z","timestamp":1678409188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1035950\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"references-count":199,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1035950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1035950","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"article-number":"1035950"}}