{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:42:27Z","timestamp":1790790147032,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015850","name":"Digestive Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XXZ0302, XXT28"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XXZ0302, XXT28"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013076","name":"National Major Science and Technology Projects of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017ZX10201201-001-006, 2017ZX10201201-002-006, 2018ZX10715-005-003-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX10201201-001-006, 2017ZX10201201-002-006, 2018ZX10715-005-003-005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We explore the expression of functional molecules on CD8+ T lymphocytes, cytokines concentration, and their correlation to occurrence of hepatitis B and hepatitis B virus (HBV) desoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in patients infected with HBV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a single center study. 32 patients with acute hepatitis B (AHB), 30 patients with immune tolerant (IT) phase chronic HBV infected, and 50 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were enrolled. The activation molecules (CD69) and the apoptosis-inducing molecules (CD178) on surface of CD8+ T lymphocytes were tested by the flow cytometry. Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt-3L), interleukin 17A (IL-17A), interferon \u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3), and Interferon \u03b12 (IFN-\u03b12) were quantitated by Luminex assay. We use linear regression analysis to analyze their correlations to ALT, HBV DNA, HBsAg, and HBeAg.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The frequency of CD69+CD8+ T lymphocytes in CHB and AHB groups were increased significantly compared with IT group (4.19[3.01, 6.18]% and 4.45[2.93, 6.71]% vs. 3.02[2.17, 3.44]%; <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>=26.207, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.001; <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>=28.585, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.002), and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD69 in AHB group was significantly higher than IT and CHB groups (27.35[24.88, 32.25] vs. 20.45[19.05, 27.75] and 23.40[16.78, 28.13]; <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>=25.832, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.005 and <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>=22.056, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.008). In IT group, HBsAg levels and HBV DNA loads were negatively correlated with CD69MFI (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=-0.025, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>=-2.613, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.014; <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=-0.021, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>=-2.286, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.030), meanwhile, HBeAg was negatively related to the frequency of CD69+CD8+ T lymphocytes (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=-61.306, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>=-2.116, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.043). In AHB group, IFN-\u03b12 was positively related to the frequency of CD8+ T lymphocytes (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=6.798, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>=2.629, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.016); however, in CHB group, IFN-\u03b12 was negatively associated with frequency of CD8+ T lymphocytes (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=-14.534, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>=-2.085, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.043). In CHB group, HBeAg was positively associated with frequency of CD69+CD8+ T lymphocytes (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=43.912, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>=2.027, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.048). In AHB group, ALT was positively related to CD69MFI (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=35.042, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>=2.896, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.007), but HBsAg was negatively related to CD178MFI (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=-0.137, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>=-3.273, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.003).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The activation of CD8+ T lymphocytes was associated with the occurrence of AHB and CHB. However, due to the insufficient expression of functional molecules of CD8+ T lymphocytes and the depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes, CHB patients were difficult to recover from HBV infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1036612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T07:15:01Z","timestamp":1666595701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cytokine profiles and CD8+ T cells in the occurrence of acute and chronic hepatitis 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