{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:54:56Z","timestamp":1753890896957,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anti-thyroid antibody (ATA) positivity affects 1 out of 9 women in childbearing age and presents a significant risk for infertility. Emerging evidence indicates that alterations in the B cell receptor induced calcium (Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>) signaling could be key in the development of autoimmunity. We aimed to investigate the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>flux response of B lymphocyte subsets to BCR stimulation in Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis and related infertility. We collected peripheral blood samples from ATA+, infertile, euthyroid patients (HIE), hypothyroid, ATA+ patients before (H1) and after levothyroxine treatment (H2), and age-matched healthy controls (HC). All B cell subsets of ATA+, infertile, euthyroid patients showed elevated basal Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>level and hyper-responsivity to BCR ligation compared to the other groups, which could reflect altered systemic immune function. The Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>flux of hypothyroid patients was similar to healthy controls. The levothyroxine-treated patients had decreased prevalence of CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>B cells and lower basal Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>level compared to pre-treatment. Our results support the role of altered Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>flux of B cells in the early phase of thyroid autoimmunity and infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1039166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T07:36:17Z","timestamp":1666683377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["B cells from anti-thyroid antibody positive, infertile women show hyper-reactivity to BCR 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