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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Anoplocephala perfoliata<\/jats:italic> is a common tapeworm in horses causing colic and even mortalities. Current diagnostic tests to detect <jats:italic>A. perfoliata<\/jats:italic> infections have their limitations and an improved method is needed. Immunoreactive excretory\/secretory proteins (E\/S proteome) of this parasite can provide promising candidates for diagnostic tests. We compared E\/S proteins produced by small (length &amp;lt; 20\u00a0mm, width &amp;lt; 5\u00a0mm) and large (length 20 to 40\u00a0mm, width 5 to 10\u00a0mm) <jats:italic>A. perfoliata<\/jats:italic> worms <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> by label-free quantitative proteomics using a database composed of related <jats:italic>Hymenolepis diminuta, Echinococcus multilocularis\/granulosus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Taenia aseatica<\/jats:italic> proteins for protein identifications. Altogether, 509 E\/S proteins were identified after incubating the worms <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> for three and eight hours. The greatest E\/S proteome changes suggested both worm size- and time-dependent changes in cytoskeleton remodeling, apoptosis, and production of antigens\/immunogens. The E\/S proteins collected at the three-hour time point represented the natural conditions better than those collected at the eight-hour time point, and thereby contained the most relevant diagnostic targets. Immunoblotting using antibodies from horses tested positive\/negative for <jats:italic>A. perfoliata<\/jats:italic> indicated strongest antigenicity\/immunogenicity with 13-, 30- and 100-kDa proteins, involving a thioredoxin, heat-shock chaperone 90 (Hsp90), dynein light chain component (DYNLL), tubulin-specific chaperone A (TBCA) and signaling pathway modulators (14-3-3 and Sj-Ts4). This is among the first studies identifying new diagnostic targets and <jats:italic>A. perfoliata<\/jats:italic> antigens eliciting a IgG-response in horses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1045468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T06:58:12Z","timestamp":1668581892000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Label-free quantitative proteomics and immunoblotting identifies immunoreactive and other excretory-secretory (E\/S) proteins of Anoplocephala 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