{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:54:32Z","timestamp":1753890872829,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anti-erythropoietin (anti-EPO) antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rarely seen disease. Anti-EPO antibodies were mostly found in patients with chronic kidney disease who received recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) injections subcutaneously. The treatment against anti-EPO antibody-mediated PRCA included discontinuation of rHuEPO, immunosuppressive agents, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis, or kidney transplantation. We reported a case of kidney transplant recipient with anti-EPO antibody-mediated PRCA, who had no trend of recovery after stopping rHuEPO, receiving regular induction and maintenance immunosuppressive regimens. He was further given 6 consecutive plasmapheresis sessions, cyclophosphamide, and adjusted maintenance immunosuppressive regimen into cyclosporine, sirolimus and prednisone. We monitored his anti-EPO antibody levels with a self-created simple mixing test. At 10 months post kidney transplant, his anti-EPO antibody finally turned negative, and his reticulocyte count dramatically increased. Cyclosporine, sirolimus and prednisone combined with roxadustat eventually alleviated the patient\u2019s anti-EPO antibody-mediated PRCA. Our self-created simple mixing test for anti-EPO antibody titer was very helpful in disease monitoring and therapeutic guidance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1049444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T05:27:33Z","timestamp":1669699653000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Case report: Dynamic antibody monitoring in a case of anti-recombinant human erythropoietin-mediated pure red cell aplasia with prolonged course after kidney 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