{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:01:58Z","timestamp":1777658518509,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Numerous researches have reported the role of air pollution in the development of autoimmune diseases. However, few have evaluated the relationship between inhalable particulate matter (PM) exposure and Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (SS). This study aimed to analyze the association between exposure to two particulate pollutants (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>) and SS-related hospitalizations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Daily data were obtained on PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, meteorological factors, and hospital hospitalizations for SS between 2016 and 2021. The daily data on PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, meteorological factors, and the number of SS hospitalizations were collected between 2016 and 2021. A distributed lag non-linear model and a generalized linear model were established to explore the association between PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> exposure and hospitalizations for SS. Stratified analyses were performed to explore possible gender-, age-, and season-related differences in PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> was related to the evaluated risk of hospitalizations for SS (<jats:italic>RR<\/jats:italic>=1.015, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>: 1.001-1.029, lag 3 day), similarly, PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> exposure had a statistically significant positive association with SS hospitalizations (<jats:italic>RR<\/jats:italic> =1.013, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>: 1.001-1.026, lag 3 day). Stratified analyses found that exposure to PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> exhibited higher impact on SS-related hospitalizations in female patients and exposure to PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> was also associated with the higher risk of SS-related hospitalizations in patients aged \u2265 65 years. In addition, exposure to PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> in colder season were more likely to increase SS-related hospitalizations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggested that exposure to PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> were significantly linked to an elevated risk of hospitalizations for SS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1059981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T14:39:35Z","timestamp":1671115175000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Exposure to particulate pollutant increases the risk of hospitalizations for Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tian-Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Hui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Mei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Mei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2011.12.006","article-title":"Classification 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