{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T23:01:33Z","timestamp":1792364493872,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease caused by Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), an emerging arbovirus within the <jats:italic>Phenuiviridae<\/jats:italic> family of <jats:italic>Bunyavirales<\/jats:italic> that has potential to cause severe diseases in both humans and livestock. It increases the incidence of abortion or foetal malformation in ruminants and leads to clinical manifestations like encephalitis or haemorrhagic fever in humans. Upon virus invasion, the innate immune system from the cell or the organism is activated to produce interferon (IFN) and prevent virus proliferation. Meanwhile, RVFV initiates countermeasures to limit antiviral responses at transcriptional and protein levels. RVFV nonstructural proteins (NSs) are the key virulent factors that not only perform immune evasion but also impact the cell replication cycle and has cytopathic effects. In this review, we summarize the innate immunity host cells employ depending on IFN signal transduction pathways, as well as the immune evasion mechanisms developed by RVFV primarily with the inhibitory activity of NSs protein. Clarifying the arms race between host innate immunity and RVFV immune evasion provides new avenues for drug target screening and offers possible solutions to current and future epidemics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1084230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T10:31:40Z","timestamp":1671705100000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Arm race between Rift Valley fever virus and host"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yupei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leiliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-017-3358-5","article-title":"Changes to taxonomy and the international code of virus classification and nomenclature ratified by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses (2017)","volume":"162","author":"Adams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700340418","article-title":"Enzootic hepatitis or rift valley fever. an undescribed virus disease of sheep cattle and man from east africa","volume":"34","author":"Daubney","year":"1931","journal-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.05.009","article-title":"Rift valley fever in animals and humans: Current perspectives","volume":"156","author":"McMillen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/378747","article-title":"Rift valley fever epidemic in Saudi Arabia: epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics","volume":"37","author":"Madani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B5","article-title":"Outbreak of rift valley fever\u2013Yemen, august-October 2000","volume":"49","author":"Nasher","year":"2000","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163863","article-title":"Climate change influences on the global potential distribution of the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus, vector of West Nile virus and lymphatic filariasis","volume":"11","author":"Samy","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16010-4","article-title":"Accelerating invasion potential of disease vector aedes aegypti under climate change","volume":"11","author":"Iwamura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12385","article-title":"Risk factors associated with human rift valley fever infection: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Nicholas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3390\/v3050493","article-title":"The pathogenesis of rift valley fever","volume":"3","author":"Ikegami","year":"2011","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B10","article-title":"The pathology of rift valley fever. 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