{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T18:26:45Z","timestamp":1780597605027,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1147555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1147555"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The isolation and characterization of neutralizing antibodies from infection and vaccine settings informs future vaccine design, and methodologies that streamline the isolation of antibodies and the generation of B cell clones are of great interest. Retroviral transduction to express Bcl-6 and Bcl-xL and transform primary B cells has been shown to promote long-term B cell survival and antibody secretion\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and can be used to isolate antibodies from memory B cells. However, application of this methodology to B cell subsets from different tissues and B cells from chronically infected individuals has not been well characterized. Here, we characterize Bcl-6\/Bcl-xL B cell immortalization across multiple tissue types and B cell subsets in healthy and HIV-1 infected individuals, as well as individuals recovering from malaria. In healthy individuals, na\u00efve and memory B cell subsets from PBMCs and tonsil tissue transformed with similar efficiencies, and displayed similar characteristics with respect to their longevity and immunoglobulin secretion. In HIV-1-viremic individuals or in individuals with recent malaria infections, the exhausted CD27\n                    <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD21\n                    <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                    memory B cells transformed with lower efficiency, but the transformed B cells expanded and secreted IgG with similar efficiency. Importantly, we show that this methodology can be used to isolate broadly neutralizing antibodies from HIV-infected individuals. Overall, we demonstrate that Bcl-6\/Bcl-xL B cell immortalization can be used to isolate antibodies and generate B cell clones from different B cell populations, albeit with varying efficiencies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1087018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T01:46:51Z","timestamp":1670896011000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Application of B cell immortalization for the isolation of antibodies and B cell clones from vaccine and infection settings"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kristin L.","family":"Boswell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy A.","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan 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