{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:19:39Z","timestamp":1792120779784,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012659","name":"Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81621001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81621001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>For allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients, preemptive interferon-\u03b1 (IFN-\u03b1) therapy is considered as a useful method to eliminate the minimal residual disease (MRD). Our purpose is to assess the long-term efficacy of preemptive IFN-\u03b1 therapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients following allo-HSCT based on two registry studies (#NCT02185261 and #NCT02027064). We would present the final data and unpublished results of long-term clinical outcomes with extended follow-up. We adopted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) to monitor MRD, and a positive result of bone marrow specimen examined by either of them would be identified as the MRD-positive status. Subcutaneous injections of recombinant human IFN-\u03b1-2b were performed for 6 cycles, and prolonged IFN-\u03b1 therapy could be permitted at the request of patients. The median cycles were 3.5 (range, 0.5\u201330.5) cycles. A total of 9 patients suffered from grade \u22653 toxicities (i.e., infectious: n = 6; hematologic: n = 3). The 6-year cumulative incidences of relapse and non-relapse mortality following IFN-\u03b1 therapy were 13.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4\u201320.6%) and 3.9% (95%CI, 0.0\u201317.6%), respectively. The probability of disease-free survival at 6 years following IFN-\u03b1 therapy was 83.1% (95%CI, 75.2\u201391.9%). The probability of overall survival at 6 years following IFN-\u03b1 therapy was 88.3% (95%CI, 81.4\u201395.8%). The cumulative incidences of total chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and severe cGVHD at 6 years following IFN-\u03b1 therapy were 66.2% (95%CI, 55.5\u201377.0%) and 10.4% (95%CI, 3.6\u201317.2%), respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that an alternative donor was associated with a lower risk of relapse and the better disease-free survival. Thus, preemptive IFN-\u03b1 therapy could clear MRD persistently, prevent relapse truly, and improve long-term survival in AML patients following allo-HSCT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.757002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T06:47:12Z","timestamp":1643352432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Preemptive Interferon-\u03b1 Therapy Could Protect Against Relapse and Improve Survival of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Long-Term Results of Two Registry Studies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Meng-Zhu","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan-Ping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Hua","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Zhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Su","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Zhen","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Jun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Jun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Dong","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2015.306","article-title":"Causes of Mortality After Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and the Comparison With HLA-Identical Sibling Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation","volume":"51","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2020.12.005","article-title":"Disease Risk Comorbidity Index for Patients Receiving Haploidentical Allogeneic Hematopoietic Transplantation","volume":"7","author":"Mo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2016.167","article-title":"Relapse of AML After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Methods of Monitoring and Preventive Strategies. 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