{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:49:46Z","timestamp":1790470186302,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The new pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by uncontrolled hyper-inflammation in severe cases. As the IL-22\/IL-22R1 axis was reported to be involved in inflammation during viral infections, we characterized the expression of IL-22 receptor1, IL-22 and IL-22 binding protein in COVID-19 patients. Blood samples were collected from 19 non-severe and 14 severe patients on the day they presented (D0), at D14, and six months later, and from 6 non-infected controls. The IL-22R1 expression was characterized by flow cytometry. Results were related to HLA-DR expression of myeloid cells, to plasma concentrations of different cytokines and chemokines and NK cells and T lymphocytes functions characterized by their IFN-\u03b3, IL-22, IL-17A, granzyme B and perforin content. The numbers of IL-22R1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes and the proportions of IL-22R1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    plasmacytoid DC (pDC), myeloid DC1 and DC2 (mDC1, mDC2) were higher in patients than controls at D0. The proportions of IL-22R1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    classical and intermediate monocytes, and pDC and mDC2 remained high for six months. High proportions of IL-22R1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    non-classical monocytes and mDC2 displayed HLA-DR\n                    <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n                    expression and were thus activated. Multivariate analysis for all IL-22R1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    myeloid cells discriminated the severity of the disease (AUC=0.9023). However, correlation analysis between IL-22R1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cell subsets and plasma chemokine concentrations suggested pro-inflammatory effects of some subsets and protective effects of others. The numbers of IL-22R1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    classical monocytes and pDC were positively correlated with pro-inflammatory chemokines MCP-1 and IP-10 in severe infections, whereas IL-22R1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    intermediate monocytes were negatively correlated with IL-6, IFN-\u03b1 and CRP in non-severe infections. Moreover, in the absence of\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    stimulation, NK and CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells produced IFN-\u03b3 and IL-22, and CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells produced IL-17A. CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T lymphocytes also expressed IL-22R1, the density of its expression defining two different functional subsets. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by an abnormal expression of IL22R1 on blood myeloid cells and CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T lymphocytes. Our results suggest that the involvement of the IL-22R1\/IL-22 axis could be protective at the beginning of SARS-CoV-2 infection but could shift to a detrimental response over time.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.769839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T04:32:08Z","timestamp":1648614728000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Distinct Expression Patterns of Interleukin-22 Receptor 1 on Blood Hematopoietic Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nurhan","family":"Albayrak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Orte 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