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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Type I Interferons<\/jats:italic> (IFN-I) are important inducers of the antiviral immune response and immune modulators. IFN-\u03b2 is the most highly expressed IFN-I in the <jats:italic>central nervous system<\/jats:italic> (CNS). The infection of SJL mice with the BeAn or the DA strain of <jats:italic>Theiler\u2019s murine encephalomyelitis virus<\/jats:italic> (TMEV) results in a progressive demyelinating disease. C57BL\/6 mice are usually resistant to TMEV-induced demyelination and eliminate these strains from the CNS within several weeks. Using C57BL\/6 <jats:italic>IFN-\u03b2 knockout<\/jats:italic> (IFN-\u03b2<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>) mice infected with TMEV, we evaluated the role of IFN-\u03b2 in neuroinfection. Despite the resistance of C57BL\/6 <jats:italic>wild type<\/jats:italic> (WT) mice to TMEV infection, DA-infected IFN-\u03b2<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup> mice had to be killed at 7 to 8 <jats:italic>days post infection<\/jats:italic> (dpi) due to severe clinical disease. In contrast, BeAn-infected IFN-\u03b2<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup> mice survived until 98 dpi. Nevertheless at 14 dpi, BeAn-infected IFN-\u03b2<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup> mice showed a stronger encephalitis and astrogliosis, higher viral load as well as higher mRNA levels of <jats:italic>Isg15<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Eif2ak2<\/jats:italic> (PKR), <jats:italic>Tnfa<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Il1b<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Il10<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Il12<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ifng<\/jats:italic> in the cerebrum than BeAn-infected WT mice. Moreover, the majority of IFN-\u03b2<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup> mice did not clear the virus from the CNS and developed mild demyelination in the spinal cord at 98 dpi, whereas virus and lesions were absent in the spinal cord of WT mice. Persistently infected IFN-\u03b2<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup> mice also had higher <jats:italic>Isg15<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Eif2ak1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Tnfa<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Il1a<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Il1b<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ifng<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels in the spinal cord at 98 dpi than their virus-negative counterparts indicating an activation of IFN-I signaling and ongoing inflammation. Most importantly, BeAn-infected NesCre<jats:sup>+\/-<\/jats:sup> IFN-\u03b2<jats:sup>fl\/fl<\/jats:sup> mice, which do not express IFN-\u03b2 in neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, only developed mild brain lesions similar to WT mice. Consequently, IFN-\u03b2 produced by neuroectodermal cells does not seem to play a critical role in the resistance of C57BL\/6 mice against fatal and demyelinating disease induced by TMEV strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.786940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T07:58:16Z","timestamp":1644393496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["IFN-\u03b2 Deficiency Results in Fatal or Demyelinating Disease in C57BL\/6 Mice Infected With Theiler\u2019s Murine Encephalomyelitis 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