{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:58:35Z","timestamp":1788973115878,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI153425 , T32 AI138944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI153425 , T32 AI138944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL1 TR002647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1 TR002647"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Memory B cells (MBCs) and plasma antibodies against\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) merozoite antigens are important components of the protective immune response against malaria. To gain understanding of how responses against\n                    <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n                    develop in these two arms of the humoral immune system, we evaluated MBC and antibody responses against the most abundant merozoite antigen, full-length\n                    <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n                    merozoite surface protein 1 (PfMSP1\n                    <jats:sub>FL<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), in individuals from a region in Uganda with high\n                    <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n                    transmission. Our results showed that PfMSP1\n                    <jats:sub>FL<\/jats:sub>\n                    -specific B cells in adults with immunological protection against malaria were predominantly IgG\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    classical MBCs, while children with incomplete protection mainly harbored IgM\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    PfMSP1\n                    <jats:sub>FL<\/jats:sub>\n                    -specific classical MBCs. In contrast, anti-PfMSP1\n                    <jats:sub>FL<\/jats:sub>\n                    plasma IgM reactivity was minimal in both children and adults. Instead, both groups showed high plasma IgG reactivity against PfMSP1\n                    <jats:sub>FL<\/jats:sub>\n                    , with broadening of the response against non-3D7 strains in adults. The B cell receptors encoded by PfMSP1\n                    <jats:sub>FL<\/jats:sub>\n                    -specific IgG\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    MBCs carried high levels of amino acid substitutions and recognized relatively conserved epitopes on the highly variable PfMSP1 protein. Proteomics analysis of PfMSP1\n                    <jats:sub>19<\/jats:sub>\n                    -specific IgG in plasma of an adult revealed a limited repertoire of anti-MSP1 antibodies, most of which were IgG\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    or IgG\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Similar to B cell receptors of PfMSP1\n                    <jats:sub>FL<\/jats:sub>\n                    -specific MBCs, anti-PfMSP1\n                    <jats:sub>19<\/jats:sub>\n                    IgGs had high levels of amino acid substitutions and their sequences were predominantly found in classical MBCs, not atypical MBCs. Collectively, these results showed evolution of the PfMSP1-specific humoral immune response with cumulative\n                    <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n                    exposure, with a shift from IgM\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    to IgG\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cell memory, diversification of B cells from germline, and stronger recognition of PfMSP1 variants by the plasma IgG repertoire.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.809264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T05:00:37Z","timestamp":1654146037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Molecular Analysis of Memory B Cell and Antibody Responses Against Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 1 in Children and Adults From Uganda"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"S. Jake","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen N.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayani","family":"Batugedara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolando","family":"Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley E.","family":"Braddom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael A.","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Ssewanyana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendra C.","family":"Garrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory C.","family":"Ippolito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Greenhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiaan","family":"Bol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelien M.","family":"Bunnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2021","year":"2021"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60721-8","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of RTS,S\/AS01 Malaria Vaccine With or Without a Booster Dose in 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