{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:11:08Z","timestamp":1793383868710,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81860132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81860132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004772","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019AAC03176 , 2021AAC03369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019AAC03176 , 2021AAC03369"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004772","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) (RA-ILD) usually manifest to an advanced stage of lung disease, which leads the challenge of early diagnosis and the difficulty in guiding treatments for patients with RA-ILD in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to construct a nomogram for identifying ILD in RA patients. Through the incorporation of the level of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in plasma, demographics, clinical feature, and laboratory parameters of 223 RA patients (85 RA-ILD) which were grouped as training cohorts and validation cohorts, an identifying nomogram of RA-ILD was built. Candidate variables for the nomogram were screened using univariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis. The accuracy of the diagnostic nomogram was measured <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> concordance index (C-index), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results showed that plasma MMP-3 protein was elevated in RA-ILD patients compared with non-ILD RA patients in both training cohorts (p = 0.0475) and validation cohorts (p = 0.0006). Following a final regression analysis, the gender of male, current smoking state, levels of circulating rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), and MMP-3 were identified as risk factors for the construction of the nomogram. The calibration plots further showed a favorable consistency between the identifying nomogram and actual clinical findings. In consistence, the C-index (0.826 for both training cohorts and validation cohorts) indicated the satisfactory discriminative ability of the nomogram. Although the incorporation of MMP-3 failed to significantly improve identified outcomes of the nomogram as determined by DCA, including the level of circulating MMP-3 increased the diagnostic accuracy of the nomogram for ILD in RA patients. Thus, our proposed model can serve as a non-invasive tool to identify ILD in RA patients, which may assist physicians to make treatment decisions for RA patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.823669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T12:49:24Z","timestamp":1655383764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Development of a Risk Nomogram Model for Identifying Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients With Rheumatoid 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