{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T02:07:26Z","timestamp":1775009246368,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010253","name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia y T\u00e9cnica, Universidad de Buenos Aires","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010253","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>High salt (NaCl) concentrations are found in a number of tissues under physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we analyzed the effects induced by high salt on the function of human neutrophils. The culture of neutrophils in medium supplemented with high salt (50 mM NaCl) for short periods (30-120\u00a0min) inhibited the ability of conventional agonists to induce the production of IL-8 and the activation of respiratory burst. By contrast, exposure to high salt for longer periods (6-18\u00a0h) resulted in the activation of neutrophils revealed by the production of high levels of IL-8, the activation of the respiratory burst, and a marked synergistic effect on the production of TNF-\u03b1 induced by LPS. Increasing osmolarity of the culture medium by the addition of sorbitol or mannitol (100 mM) was shown to be completely unable to stimulate neutrophil responses, suggesting that high sodium but not an increased osmolarity mediates the activation on neutrophils responses. A similar biphasic effect was observed when the function of monocytes was analyzed. Short term exposure to high salt suppressed IL-8 and TNF-\u03b1 production induced by LPS while culture for longer periods triggered the production of IL-8 but not TNF-\u03b1 in the absence of LPS stimulation. Contradictory results have been published regarding how high salt modulates neutrophil function. Our results suggest that the modulation of neutrophil function by high salt is strongly dependent on the exposure time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.831844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T10:00:23Z","timestamp":1654250423000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["High Salt Induces a Delayed Activation of Human Neutrophils"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Mazzitelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Bleichmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Melucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pehu\u00e9n 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